AVEA TYOIOUNLIT HHL THE LITURGICAL YEAR ABBOT PROSPER GUERANGER, O.S.B. TIME AFTER PENTECOST BOOK V TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH BY THE BENEDCTINES OF STANBROOK ABBEY JUBILEE YEAR 2000 LIMITED EDITION ® LORETO LORETO PUBLICATIONS P.O. Box 603 Fitzwilliam, NH 03447 Phone: (603) 239-6671 Fax: (603) 239-6127 LoreTO PUBLICATIONS The Liturgical Year 15 Volume Set ISBN: 1-930278-03-9 Volume XIV — Time After Pentecost Book V ISBN: 1-930278-17-9 Printed in the Czech Republic by Newton Design&Print Ltd (www.newtondp.co.uk) CONTENTS TIME OF THE COMMON Caar. T—On hoaring Mas, during tho Time atter Pentecost, E Cmar. ]1.-— Of the Office of Veapenfor S\mdlyl and Feasts, during the Time after Car. August August August OF THE 23.—SAINT PHILIR BEN1ZI, Confessor, 24.—SAINT BARTHOLOMEW, Apostle, 25—Sat Louts, King of France, Confessor, . JosSEPI 28.—SAINT AUGUSTINE, Bishop and Doctor fessor, . 63 82 Con- Cuumc'rxvs, 57 69 26—SAINT ZEVEYRINUS, Pope and Martyr, August 84 of the Church, . R . .92 Commemoration of Saint Hermes, Mar- 29.—Tne B : . DECOLLATION THE BaPrisT, Commemoration August 8 g 27.—SAINT August 37 SAINTS August August 1 Pentecost, . 111.—OF the Offico of Compline, during the Time after Pentecost, . PROPER August »aox o, . w OF . s SAINT JonN % d0T 108 of Saint Slbml, Mn- 30.—Samer Rose op Liwa, Virgin, Commemoration_of -Saints Adauctus, Martyrs, . feasor, e 31.—SAINT & Ravmonp o Felix NonNaTus, nex L . . e and Con- 13 . 116 . 122 e 1128 CONTENTS vi . September 1.—SATNT Gries, Abbot, Commemoration September September September of the Twelve . Broth- . 128 . 182 . ers, Martyrs, 2.—SINT STEPHEN, King of Hnnglry, Confessor, 133 5.—SAINT LAURENCE JUSTINIAN, Buhop and Confessor, 8.—TnHE NATIVITY OF THE Bmm:n Vm. . . GIN Mary, 139 146 . . . First Vespers, . 151 T Mass, 158 . 166 . . Second Vespers, Commemoration of Saint Gorgon s, Martyr, 167 Sunday within the Octave of the Nuhmly— Frast or THE MOST HOLY NAME OF MARY, Mass, Vespers, DO .o September 9.—-SECOND DAY WITRIN THE OCTAVE 0 THE NATIVITY, September 10.—SAINT NICHOLAS OF TOLENTINO, Confessor, September 11.—FouRTH DAY WITHIN THE OCTAVE . . . o¥ THE NaTIviTY, Commemoration of Saints Protus lud September Hyacinth, Martyrs, . 12.—FIFTH DAY WITHIN THE Ocnv: THE NATIVITY, September 13.—S1xTHE DAY WITHIN THE NATIVITY, THE Ovuvn or or September 14, —TrE EXALTATION oF THE HovLy Cross, September 15—THE OcTAVE DAY oF THE NATIVITY, Commemoration of Saint Ninomodu, . Martyr, Third Sunday of September—FEAST OF THE SEVBH DoLours oF THE BLEsseD VIR- 171 174 179 181 184 187 188 191 193 196 203 205 208 210 218 CONTENTS September 16.—SAINT CorNELIUS, Pope and and SAINT Crrxul, Buhop and Martyr, Commemoration of Saints Enph.m.., Lucy and Geminian, September 17.—8TIGMATA OF SAINT FRANCIS, "At Bingen, in the Diooese of Mayencey— Saint Hildegarde, September 18.—SAINT JOSEPH fessor, Virgin, OF dcrxurxno, . Con- . September 19.—SAINT Jmcvuxvs, Buhop md ertyr, AND H1s COMPANIONS, Martyrs, . September 20.—SAINT EUSTACE AND HIS Colruuon Martyrs, September 21.—SAINT Mn'msw, Apo-tl’a ‘and Evm gelist, September 22. —Sun-r THOMAS OF Vn.uuovy Bul.mp and Confessor, . Commemoration of Saint Mmm his Companions, Martyrs, September 23.—8AINT LiNus, Pope and Martyr, . lnd Commemoration of Saint Thecla, vm and Martyr, 5 September 24.—OUR LapY OF RaNsoM, . % ¥ September 26.—BAINT CYPRIAN, Mnrtyr, and SumJusTINA, Virgin and Martyr, September 27.—SAINTS CosMAS AND DAMIAN, September 28.—SAINT WENCESL.AS, Duke and Martyr, September 29.—DEDICATION ¥ SAINT MICHAEL THE ARCHANGFL, September 30.—SAINT Jnon, Pne-t, Conieuor, md Doctor of the Church, . First Sunday of October.—FEAST OF THE Mosr HDLY Rosary, . . October October Ociober Vewpers, . . . . . . 1.—8aINT REMIGIUS, Bishop and Confessor, Apostle of the Franks, . " ~ 2.—THE HoLY GUARDIAN ANGELS, 4.—SaINT FrANCIS, Confessor, . CONTENTS October October October October October October October October October October October October October October 5.—SArnt PLACID AND 11s COMIANIONS Martyrs, s 6.—Saixt Brrxo, Confessor, . 7.—Satxt Maxk, Pope and Confessor, and Suins Sk, Baents, MakCELLUS AND APCLEICS, Martyrs, . Commemoration of Saint Justina, Virgin and Martyr, . Commenoration of Our Lady of Victory, N Widow . B s, Bishopand Martyr and Saints Rusticos AxD ELE rakxivs, Martyrs, 10.—Sarxr Freaxeis Bowda, Confessor, I, PopoandMartyr, A, Virgin, At Hepwice, Widow, A 18.—Satxt Lukr, Evangelist, . . 19.—SAINT PEtkk oF ALCANTARA, Con: fossor, . . . 20.—Sarvt Jony Cantivs, Confessor, Ursula md her Companions, Vlrguu and Mar- October October October October October tyrs, . . 24, —SaiNt RAPHAEL, Amhangel . 25.—SAINTS ClLkyss s AND DARIA, Martyrs, . . . . . 26.—Saint EvAuisius, Pope and Martyr, 28— SAINTS SIMON AND JUDE, Apomea, 31.—ViG1L o ALL SAINTS 354 356 357 360 368 317 13.—Saint Enwakn 71k Coxvessok, King 21.—SaiNt Hitakion, Abbot, Commemoration of Saint 338 348 382 387 394 409 414 422 428 433 437 439 442 445 447 451 SUPPLEMENT October 3. —Sarst TerEss oF THE CHILD JESUS, Virgin, s October 11.—TrE MoTERIOOD OF THE BLESSED Viners Mary L October 17.—SaTST MarGarer MaRY ALACOQUE, Viging & & o October (Last Sunday of).—FEAST 0F OUR LoRD Jesus Curist T™HE KiNo ix - 455 461 468 . 473 CHAPTER ON HEARING THE MASS, FIRST DURING PENTECOST THE TIME AFTER - ON the Sundays, if the Mass at which the faithful assist ‘be parochial, or, as it is often called, the public Méss, two solemn rites precede it, and they are full of instruction and blessing: the Asperges, or sprinkling of the holy water, and the procession. During the Asperges, you should unite with the intentions which the Church has in this ceremony, so venerable by its antiquity: you should pray for that purity of heart which is needed for worthily assisting at the mysteries, wherein God Himself becomes present, closely together. and ANTIPHON Asperges me, unites heaven OF THE ASPERGES Domine, hyssopo, et mundabor ; la- vabis me, et super dealbabor. nivem Ps. Miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam miseri- cordiam tuam. V. Gloria Patri, &c. ANT. Asperges we, &c. and earth so Thoushaltsprinkle me with byssop,0 Lord, and I shallbe cleansed; thou shalt wash me and I sball be made whiter than snow. Ps. Have mercy on me, O God, according to thy great mercy. ¥. Glory, &. AxT. Thou shalt sprinkle me, &e. 1 2 TIME AFTER PENTECOST ¥. Ostende nobis, Domi- ne, misericordiam tuam. R. Et salutare tuum da nobis. ¥. Domine, exaudi orationem meam. R. Et clamor meus ad te veniat. ¥. Dominus vobiscum. R. Et cum spirita tuo. .¥. Show us, O Lord, thy merc; R."And vation. grant us thy sal- R. And let my cry come ¥. O Lord, hear my prayer. unto thee. ¥. The Lord be with you. R. And with thy spirit. OREMUS. Exaudi nos, Domine sancte, Pater omnipotens, mter- ne Deus: et mittere digneris sanctum angelum tuum de ceelis, qui custodiat, foveat, rotegat, visitet atque de- endat omnes habitantes in hoc habitaculo. Per Chri- stum Dominum nostrum. RB. Amen. The procession, which LET US PRAY. Graciously hear us, 0. holy Lord, Father almighty, eter- nal God: and vouchsafe to send thy holy angel from heaven, who may keep, cherish, protect, visit, and defend all who are assembled in this lace. Through Christ our ord. R. Amen. in many churches imme- diately precedes a solemn Mass, is a prelude to the great act which is about to be accomplished. It originated from the practice used in monasteries, of going through the cloisters, every Sunday, chanting certain appointed responsories; during which time the hebdomadarian went through all the conventual places, blessing each of them. in use. But see, Christians! The practice is still the sacrifice begins! priest is at the foot of the altar; God The is attentive, the angels are in adoration, the whole Church is united with the priest, whose priesthood and action are those of the great High Priest, Jesus Christ. Let us make the sign of the cross with him, THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS In the name of the Father, In nomine Patris, et Filii, and of the Son, and of the et Spiritus sancti. Amen. Holy Ghost. Amen. ¥. Introibo ad altare Dei. I unite myself, O my God, R. Ad Deum qui letificat juventutem meam. with thy holy Church, who thrills with joy at the apgroach Judica me, Deus, et dis- of Jesus Christ thy on, who is the true altar. Like her, I beseech thee to defend me against the mauce cerne causam meam de gente non sancta ; ab homine ini- of the enemies of my salvaforti- tion. It is in thee that I bve listi ? et quare tristis incedo, sad and troubled at being in quo et doloso erue me. tu es, Deus, Quia tudo mea: quare me repudum affligit me inimicus? Emitte lucem tuam et veritatem tuam: ipsa me deduxerunt et adduxerunt in in tabernacula tua. Et introibo ad altare D qui Deum ad ventutem meam. et tuum, sanctum montem latificat j Confitebor tibi in cithara, Deus, tristis Deus meus: mea? es anima quare conturbas me ¢ Bpera in Deo, quare et quoniam adhuc confitebor illi: salu- tare meus. vultus Gloria mei, et Patri, Spiritui sancto. Deus et Filio, et Sicut eras in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in szcula szculorum, Amen. put my hope; yet do I feel the midst of the snares whick are set for me. Send me, then, him who is light and truth: it is he who will open to us the way to thy holy mount, to thy heavenly tabernacle. He is the Mediator,and the living altar; I will draw nigh to him, and be filled with joy. Having seen him, I will sing in mygladness. Be not sad, O my soul! Why wouldst thou be troubled ? Hope in him, who will soon show himself unto thee, as thy Saviour, and thy God. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. As it wasin the beginning, is now, and ever world without end. (3) be, Amen. 4 TIME AFTER PENTECOST . Introibo ad altare Dei. . Ad Deum qui lstificat juventutem meam. ¥. Adjutorium nostrum in I .am going to the altar of God; there I shall feel the presence of him who desires wflve me a new life. is my hope comes not to nomine Domini. measthinking that Ihavean: B. Qui fecit coelum et merits, but because of theallterram. powerful help of my Creator. The thought of being about to appear before his God excites in the soul of the priest a lively sentiment of compunction. He cannot go further in the holy sacrifice without confessing, and publicly, that be 18 a sinner, and deserves not the grace he is about to receive. Listen with respect to this confession of God’s minister, and earnestly ask our Lord to show mercy to him ; for the priest is your father; he is answerable for your salvation, for which he every day risks his own. When he has finished, unite with the servers, or the sacred ministers, in this prayer : Misereatur tui omnipotens Deus, et dimissis M?emti.s tuis, perducat ®ternam. The te priest vitam having May almighty God have mercy on thee,and, forgiving thy sins, bring thee to ever- lasting life. answered Amen, confession, saying with a contrite spirit : Confiteor Deo omnipotenti, beatse Marimsemper Virgini, beato Michaeli archangelo, beato Joanni Baptist, sanctis apostolis Petro et Paulo, omnibus sanctis, pater, quia peccavi cogitatione, verbo et tibi, nimis et opere: mea culps, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa. Ideo precor beatam Mariam semper Vir- ginem, beatum Michaelem make your I confess to almight; to blessed Mary ever Virgin, to blessed angel, to Baptiat, to Peter and saints, and , Michael the archblessed John the the holy apostles Paul, to Sl the to thee, father, that I have sinned exceed- inghy in thought, word, and deed ; through my most through my my fault, grievous fault. fault, through THE ORDINARY archangelum, beatum Joan- nem Baptistam, _sanctos apostolos Petrum et Paulum, omnes sanctos, et te, pater, orare pro me ad Dominum Deum nostrum. OF THE 5 MASS Therefore I beseech blessed Mary ever Virgin, blessed Michael the archangel, blessed John the Baptist, the holy :rold- Peter and Paul, and | the saints, and thee, father, to pray to the Lord our for me. Receive with gratitude the paternal wish of the priest, who says to you: Misereatur vestri omuipoMay almighty God be tens Deus, et dimissis pecca- merciful to you, and, for- vitam mternam. to everlasting life. tis vestris, perducat vos ad R. Amen. Indulgentiam, absolutio- nem, et remissionem torum nostrorum pecca- tribuat nobis omnipotens et misericors Dominus. R. Amen. giving your sins, bring you R. Amen. May the almighty and merciful Lord grant us par- don, absolution, and remission of our sins. R. Amen. Invoke the divine assistance, approach to Jesus Christ. ¥. Deus, tu conversus vi- vificabis nos. . R Et plebs tua lmtabitur in te. ¥. Ostende nobis, Domine, misericordiam tuam. R. Et nobis. salutare . ¥. Domine, tionem meam. tuum exaudi da ora- R. Et clamor meus ad te veniat. that you may ¥. 0God, it needs but one look of thine to give us life. R. And thy people shall rejoice in thee. V. Show us, O Lord, thy mercy. R And give us to know and love the Saviour whom thou hast sent unto us. ¥. O Lord, hear my prayer. R. And let my cry come unto thee. The priest here leaves you to ascend to the altar ; but first he salutes you : ¥. Dominus vobiscam. ¥. The Lord be with you. 6 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Answer him with reverence: R. Et cum spiritu tuo. RB. And with thy spirit. Ho ascends the steps, and comes to the Holy of holies. Ask, both for him and for yourself, deliver- ance from sin : OREMUS. Aufer a nobis, quasumus Domine, iniquitates nostras; ut ad Sancta sanctorum puris ‘mereamur mentibus introire. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. LET US PRAY. Take from our_hearts, O Lord, all those sins, which take us unworthyto appear in thy presence. We ask this of thee by thy divine Son, our Lord. When the priest kisses the altar, out of reverence for the relics of the martyrs which are there, say: Oramus merita te, Domine, per sanctorum tuorum, quorum reliquiz hic sunt, et omnium sanctorum: ut indulgere digneris omnia pec- cata mea. Amen. If it be a High Generous soldiers of Jesus Christ, who have mingled your own blood with his, intercede for us, that our sins may be forgiven: that so we 3:‘{, like you, approach unto Mass at which the priest here blesses the Ab illo benedicaris, in cujus honore cremaberis. Amen. incense, _ Mayst him, in art to be you are assisting, saying: thou be blessed by whose honour thou burned. Amen. He then censes the altar in a most solemn manner. This white cloud, which you see ascending from every part of the altar, signifies the prayer of the Church, who addresses herself to Jesus Christ; while the divine mediator causes that prayer to ascend, united with His own, to the throne of the majesty of His Father. The priest then says the Introit. It is a solemn opening-anthem, in which the Church, at the very THE URDINARY OF THE MASS 7 commencement of the holy sacrifice, gives expression to the sentiments which fill her heart. are In It is followed by nine exclamations, which even more earnest still, for they ask for mercy. addressing them to God, the Church unites herself with the nine choirs of angels, who are standing around the altar of heaven, one and this before which you are kneeling. the same with To the Father : Kyrie eleison. Lord, have mercy on us ! Kiyrie eleison. Lord, have mercy on us ! Kiyrie eleison. Lord, have mercy on us! To the Son : hriste eleison. Christe eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison. Kyrie eleison. Kyrio eleison. Christ, have mercy on us! Christ, have mercy on us! Christ, have mercy on us! To the Holy Ghost: Lord, have mercy on us! Lord, have mercy on us! Lord, have mercy on us! Then, mingling his voice with that of the heavenly host, the Bethlehem, priest peace to men. the Church of the angels. which intones the announces sublime gl to canticle God, of and Instructed by the revelations of God, continues, in her own words, the bymn THE ANGELIC HYMN Gloria in excelsis Deo, et Glory be to God on high, in terra pax hominibus bonz voluntatis. Laudamus te: benedicimus te: adoramus te: glori- ficamus te: gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam. and on earth peace to men of good will, ‘We praise thee: we bless thee: glorify we adore thee: thee: we give we thee thanks for thy great glory. 2 TIME 8 AFTER Domine_Deus, Rex caele- stis, Deus Pater omnipotens. Domine, Jesu Christe. Domine. Fili unigenite, Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris, Qui tollis peccats mundi, miserere nobis. Qui tollis peccata mundi, suscipe deprecationem no- PENTECOST O King, Lord mighty. God God, the heaun.lly Father ' Tord JeausSon. Christ, the ong-begotun Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father. ‘Who takest away the sins of the world, have of ‘Who takest the mercy on us. away the sins world, receive our dexteram bumble prayer. Who sittest at the right Quoniam tu solus sanctus, For thou alone art holy, stram, Qui sedes ad Patris, miserere nobis. tu solus Dominus, tu solus altissimus, Jesu Christe, cum al- hand of the mercy on us. Father, have thou alone art Lord, thou alone, O Jesus_Christ, to- Amen. gether with the Holy Ghost, art most high, in the glory of The priest then turns towards the people, and sancto Bpiritu, in gloria Dei Patris. God the Father. Amen. again salutes them, as it were to make sure of their pious attention to the sublime act, for which all this 18 but the preparation. Then follows the Collect or Prayer, in which the Church formally expresses to the divine Majesty the special intentions she has in the Mass which is being celebrated. You may unite in this prayer, by reciting with the priest the Collects which you will find in their proper places: but on no account omit to join with the server Amen. of the Mass in answering After this comes the Epistle, which is generally a portion of one or other of the Epistles of the apostles, or a passage from some Book of the old Testament. ‘While it is being read, give thanks to that God who, not satisfied with having spoken to us at sundry THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS 9 times by His messengers, deigned at last to speak unto us by His well-beloved Son.! The Gradual is a formula of prayer intermediate between the Epistle and the Gospel. ~ Most frequently, it again brings before us the sentiments already expressed in the Introit. Read it devoutly, that so you may enter more and more into the spirit of the mystery proposed to you this day by the Church. The song of praise, the Alleluia, is next heard. Let us, while it is being said, unite with the holy angels, who are for all eternity making heaven resound with that song, which we on permitted to attempt. The time is now come for the Gospel The Gospel is the written word; earth to be read. our hearing it will Frepare us for the Word, who is our victim food. If it be a High Mass, are the deacon, and our meanwiiile, prepares to fulfil his noble vffice—that of announing the ‘good tidings’ of salvation. cleanse his heart the priest, he asks it, at once goes to Gospel. As a preparation thus pray, together and lips. Then, He prays God to kneeling before a blessing; and, having received the place where be is to sing the for hearing it worthily, you may with both priest and deacon: Munda cor meum ac labia mea, omnipotens Deus, qui Jabia Isaim prophets calculo mundasti ignito; ita Alas ! these ears of mine are but too often defiled with the world’s vain words: cleanse them,O Lord, that so T may hear the words of dignare mundare, ut san- eternal life, and treasure ctum Evangelium tuum di- them in my heart. Through me tua grata miseratione e valeam nuntiare. hristum Dominum strum. Amen. Per no- our Lord Amen. " Heb. i. 2. Jesus Christ. 10 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Grant to thy ministersthy et in labiis meis: ut digne grace, that they may faithully explain thy law ; that et competenter annuntiem Evangelium suum: In no- soall, both pastors and flock, Dominus it in corde meo, mine Patris, et Filii, et Spin ritus sancti. Amen. for may be united to thee for ever. Amen. You will stand during the Gospel, out of respect the word of God, and as though you were awaiting the orders of your divine Master. At the commencement, make the sign of the cross on your forehead, lips, and breast; word and then of the priest or deacon. Let listen to every your heart be ready and obedient. ‘While my Beloved was speaking,” says the bride in the Canticle, ‘ my soul melted within me.’! If you have not such love as this, have at least the humble submission of Samuel, and say: ‘Speak, Lord! Thy servant heareth.’? ‘After the Gospel, if the priest says the Symbol of faith, the Credo, you will say it with him. ~Faith is that gift of God, without which we cannot please Him. It is faith that makes us see the light which shineth in darkness, and which the darkness of unbelief did not comprehend. Let us, then, say with the Catholic Church, our mother: THE Credo in unum NICENE CREED Patrem omnipotentem, ctorem ceeli et terrae, I believe in one God, the fa- Father almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. Deum, lium omnium et invis lium. Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum. Et ex Patre natum ante omnia szcula, Deum de Deo, lumen de ! Cant. v. 6. And in one Lord Jesus Christ,the only-begotten Son of God. Anx born of the Father before all ages; God of God; light of light; true *1 Kings, iii. 10. THE ORDINARY lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero. Genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri, per quem omnia facta sunt. Qui propter nos homines, et pro- ternostram salutem, descen- it de ceelis. Et incarnatus est de Spiritu sancto, ex Maria ET Virgine; HOMO Crucifixus EsT. racrus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio ‘Pilato, passus, et sepultus 11 OF THE MASS God of true God. Begotten, notmade;consubstantial with the Father, by whom all things were made. Who for us men,and for our salvation, came down from heaven. Aud became incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary; AND WAS MADE MAN. He was crucified also for us, under Pontius Pilate, fered, and was buried. suf- And est. Et resurrexit tertia die, Et secundum Scripturas, ascendit in ceelum; sedet ad the third day he rose again, venturus est cum gloria judi- the dexteram Patris. Et iteram care vivos et mortuos; cujus regni non erit finis. FEt in Spiritum Dominum sanctum, et _vivificantem, ui ex Patre Filioque proceit. Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur, et conglori- ficatur ; qui locutus est per prophetas. Et unam, san- ctam, Catholicam, et aposto- licam Ecclesiam. Confiteor unum Baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Et exspe- cto resurrectionem mortuo- rum, et vitam venturi smculi. Amen. according to the Scriptures. Aund ascended into heaven; sitteth at the right hand of come Father. again_ And with he is to glory, to judge the living and the dead; of whose kingdom there s 1l be no end. Anc 1n the Holy Ghost, the Lord and giver of life, who proceedeth from _the Father and the Son. Who together with the Father and the Son, is adored and glori- fied; who spoke by the pro- hets. And one, holy, Cathoic, and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the remission of sins. And I expect_the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen. The priest and the people should now have their bearts ready: it is time to prepare the offering itself. And here we come to the second part of the holy Mass; it is called the Oblation, and immediately follows that which was named the Mass of the catechumens, on account of its being, formerly, the only part at which the candidates for Baptism had permission to be present. 12 TIME AFTER PENTECOST See, then, dear Christians! Bread and wine are too, are to about to be offered to God, as being the noblest of inanimate creatures, since they are intended to serve a8 the nourishment of man; and even that is only a poor material image of what they are destined to become in our Christian sacrifice. = Their substance will soon give place to God Himself, and of themselves nothiog will remain but the appearances. Happy creatures, thus to yield up their own being, that God may take its place! We, undergo a like transformation, when, as the apostle expresses it, that which is mortal will be swallowed up by life.! Until that happy change realized, let us offer ourselves to God, we see the bread and wine presented the holy sacrifice; and shall be as often to Him as in let us glorify Him, who, by assumiing our human nature, has made us partakers of the divioe nature.? The priest again turns to the people with the usual salutation, as though he would warn them to redouble their attention. Let us read the Offertory with him, and when he offers the us unite with him in saying: Suscipe, sancte Pater, Host to God, let All that we have, O Lord, omnipotens, =terne Deus, hanc immaculatam hostiam, comes from thee, and belongs to thee; it is just, therefore, tuus offero tibi, Deo meo But how wonderful art thou quam ego indignus famulus vivo et vero, pro innumera- bilibus peccatis et offensio- that we return it unto thee. in the inventions of thy immense love! This bread meis, which we are offering to thee fidelibus _Christianis _vivis ‘moments, to the sacred Body nibus et negligentiis et pro omnibus circumstantibus, sed et pro omnibus atque defunctis; ut mihi et illis proficiat ad salutem in 2 Cor. v. 4. is to give of Jesus. place, in a few We beseech thee, receive, together with this oblation, our hearts which 2 St. Peter, i. 4. THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS Amen. vitam mternam. 13 long to live by thee, and to cease to live their own life of self. When the priest puts the wine into the chalice, and then mingles with it a drop of water, let your thoughts turn to the divine mystery of the Incar~ nation, which is the salvation, and say: source - of our hope and our O Lord Jesus, who art the true vine, and whose Blood, like a generous wine, has been poured forth under the nostre articeps, fier1 dignatus Jesus est Christus, ressure of the crosa! thou t deigned to unite th divine nature to_our w humanity, which is signified by this drop of water. Oh! Siliuu tuus, Dominus noster: come and make us partakers in unitate Spiritus sancti thyself qui tecum vivit et regnat Deus, per s@culorum, szcula omnia Amen. of thy divinity, by showing to us in_thy sweet and wondrous visit. The priest then offers the mixture of wine and water, beseeching God graciously to accept this oblation, which is so soon to be changed reality, of which it is now but the figure. say, in union with the priest : Offerimus tibi, Domine, into the Meanwhile calicem salutaris, tuam de- Graciously accept these gifts, O sovereign Creator of conspectu divine Majestatis tu, pro nostra et totius forthedivine transformation, suavitatis ascendat. Amen. ated things, the instrament precantes clementiam : ut in all thiflfl. Let thembe fitted mundi salute, cum odore which will make them from being mere offerings of cre- of the world's salvation. After having thus held up the sacred gifts towards TIME AFTER PENTECOST 14 heaven, the sriest bows down: let us, also, humble ourselves, and say: In spiritu humilitatis, et Though daring, as we do, to in animo contrito, suscipiamur a te, Domine: etsic fiat eacrificium nostrum in con- approach thy altar, O Lord, tibi, Domine Deus. Son,who is our saving Host. specty tuo hodie, ut placeat we cannot forget that we are sinners. Have mercy and delay not to send on us, us thy Let us next invoke the Holy Ghost, whose operation is about to produce on the altar the presence of the Son of God, as it did in the womb of the blessed Virgin Mary, in the divine mystery of the Incarnation: Veni, Sanctificator, omni- potens wmterne Deus, et be- nedic hoc _sacrificium tuo sancto nomini praparatum. make fruitful the offering which is upon the altar, an produce in our hearts ‘whom they desire. him If it be a High Mass, the priest, before proceed- ing further with the sacrifice, takes the thurible a second time, after blessing the incense in these words: Per intercessionem beati Michaelis archangeli, stantis a déxtris altaris incensi, et omnium electorum suorum, odorem_suavitatis_accipere. Through the intercession of blessed ivhulthurchnngvl, standing at the right hand of the altarof incense,and of all his elect, may our Lord deign to bless this incense, and to receive it for an odour of nostrum. our Lord. incensum Dominus Per _istud benedicere, et in Christum He dignetur Amen. Dominum then censes sweetness. first the bread Through Christ Amen. and wine, which have just been offered, and then the altar itself; hereby inviting the faithful to make their prayer, which is signified by the fragrant incense, more THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS 15 and more fervent, the nearer the solemn moment approaches. St. John tells us that the incense he beheld burning on the altar in heaven is made up of the ‘prayers of the saints’; let us take a share in those prayers, and with all the ardour of holy desires, let us say with the priest: Incensum istud, & te May this incense, blessed by benedictum, ascendat ad te, thee, ascend to thee, O Lord, Domine, et descendat super and may thy mercy descend Dirigatur, Domine, oratio Let my prayer, O Lord, be directed like incense in thy nos misericordia tua. mea sicut incensum in con- spectu tuo: elevatio manuum mearum sacrificium vesper- tinum. Pone, Domine, custodiam ori meo, et ostium cir- cumstantia labiis meis ; ut non declinet cor meum in verba malitiz, ad excusandas tis. excusationes in pecca- upon us. sight: the lifting up of my hands as an evening sacrifice. Set a watch, O Lord, before 1y mouth, and a door round about my lips; that my heart may not incline to evil words, to make excuses in sins. Giving back the thurible to the deacon, the priest says: Accendat in nobis Domi- nus ignem sui amoris, et flammam Amen. ternz caritatis. Maythe Lord enkindle in us the fire of his love and the flame of eternal charity. Amen. But the thought of his own unworthiness becomes more intense than ever in his heart. The public confession made by him at the foot of the altar does not satisfy the earnestness of his compunction. He would now at the altar itself express before the people, in the language of a solemn rite, how far he knows himself to be from that spotless sanctity, wherewith he should approach' to God. his bands. Our hands He washes signify our works; and the priest, though by his priesthood he bear the office TIME AFTER PENTECOST 16 of Jesus Christ, is by his works but man. Seeing your father thus humble himself, do you also make an act of humility, and say with him these verses of the psalm: PSALM Lavabo inter innocentes manus meas ; et circumdabo altare tuum, Domine. - Ut audiam vocem laudis; et enarrem universa mira- ‘bilia tua. Domine, dilexi decorem domus tu, et locum habi- tationis glorie tuz. Ne perdas cum impiis, 25. 1, too, would wash my hands, O Lord, and become like unto those who are innocent, that so I may be wor- thy to approach thy altar, and hear thy sacred canticles, and then go and proclaim to the world the wonders of thy goodness. I love the beauty of thy house, which thou art virissanguinum vitam meam. about to make the dwellingplace of thy glory. Leaveme tates eorum them that are enemies both 0 autem in innocentia having separated me from Deus, animam meam, et cum TIn quorum manibus iniquisunt: dextera repleta est muneribus. mea ingressus sum : redime ‘me, et miserere m¢ Pes meus stetit in directo: in ecclesiis benedicam te, Domine. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui sancto. Bicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in secula seculorum. Amen. not, O God, in the midst of to thee and me. Thy mercy them,I entered on the path of innocence and was restoredto thy grace; but have pity on ‘myweaknessstill; redeem me yet more, thou who hast so mercifully brought me back to the right path. In the midst of these thy faithful people, I give thee thanks. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost; a8 it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. The priest, taking encouragement from the act of humility he has just made; returns to the middle of the altar, and, full of respectful awe, bows down, begging of God to receive graciously the sacrifice which 1s about to be offered to Him, and expresses 17 THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS the intentions for which the same. Suscipe, sancta Trinitas, it is offered. us do Let o hol{‘ Trinity, graciously hanc oblationem, quam tibi accept the sacrifice we sionis, brance of the Passion, Resur- offerimus ob memoriam Pas- ~Resurrectionis, et Ascensignis Jesu Christi Domini nostri: et in honorem have begun. We offer it in remem- rection, and Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ. Permit beatw Mariz semper Virgi- thy Church to join with this tiste, et_sanctorum aposto- istorum, et omnium sancto- the ever glorious Virgin Mary, the blessed Baptist John, the holy apostles Peter honorem, relics lie here under our altar nis, et beati Joannis Baplorum rum: Petri et Pauli, et ut illis proficiat ad nobis autem ad intention that of honouring and Paul, the martyrs whose salutem : et illi pro nobis awaiting their resurrection, intercedere dignentur in and the saints whose memory ccelis, quorum memoriam we this day celebrate. In- agimus in terris. Per eum- dem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. crease the glory they are en- joying, and receive the pray- ers theyaddress to thee for us. The priest again turns to the people; it is for the last time before the sacred mysteries areaccomplished. He feels anxious to excite the fervour of the people. Neither does the thought of his own unworthiness leave him ; and before entering the cloud with the Lord, he seeks support in the prayers of his brethren who are present. He says to them: Orate, fratres: ut meum ac vestrum sacrificium acceptabile fiat apud Deum Patrem omnipotentem. Brethren, pray that my sacrifice, whicgis yours also, may be acceptable to God, our nlmighty%‘uther4 Scarcely has .he uttered the first words than he turns again to the altar and you will see his face no more, until our Lord Himself shall have come down from heaven upon that same altar. Assure the priest that he has your prayers, and say to him: 18 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Suscipiat Dominus May our Lord accept this sacri- tuis, ad sacrifice at thy hands, to the nostram totiusque Ecclesi@ sum sancta. of his holy Church throughout the world. de manibus ficium praise and gloryof his name, and for our benefit and that laudem et gloriam nominis sui, ad utilitatem quoque Here the priest recites the prayers called the Secrets, in which he presents the petition of the whole Church for God’s acceptance of the sacrifice, and then immediately begins to fulfil that great duty of religion, thanksgiving. So far he has adored God, and has sued for mercy; he has still to give thanks for the blessings bestowed on us by the bounty of our heavenly Father, the chief of which is His having sent us His own Son. The blessing of a new visit from this divine Word is just upon us; and in expectation of it, and in the name of the whole Church, the priest is about to give expression to the gratitude of all mankind. In order to excite the faithful to that intensity of gratitude which is due to God for all His gifts, he interrupts his own and their silent prayer by terminating it aloud, saying: Per lorum, omnia smcula smcu- For ever and ever. In the same feeling, answer your Amen! Then he continues : . Dominus vobiscum. V. The Lord be with you. . Et cum spiritu tuo. R. And with thy spirit. . Sursum corda! V. Lift up your hearts! Let your response be sincere : R. num. Habemus ad Domi- R God. Wehavethem fixed on And when be adds : ¥. Gratias agamus Domi- no Deo nostro. ¥. Let us the Lord our give thanks to God. THE ORDINATY 19 OF THE MASS Answer him with all the earnestness of your soul: B. It is meet and just. B. Dignum et justum est. Then the priest : THE PREFACE For Sundays Vere dignum est, quum tibi semper agere: et justum et salutare, nos et ubique gratias Domine sancte, Pater omnipotens, ®terne Deus; qui cum unigenito Filio tuo et Spiritu sancto, unus es It is truly meet and just, right and available to salva- tion, that we should always and in all %lues give thanks to thee, O holy Lord, Father almighty, eternal God, who, with thy only-begotten Son Dominus, and the Holy Ghost, art one Persona, sed in unius Trini- singleness of one Person, but Deus, Non unus es in unius singularitate tate substantiz. Quod enim de tua gloria, revelante te credimus, hoc de Filio tuo, hoc de Spiritu sancto, sine differentia discretionis sen- God, one Lord, not in the in the Trinity of one substance. For that which, by thy revelation, we believe of thy glory, the same do we believe of thy Son, the same timus, ut in confessione verze sempiterneque Deitatis, et in Personis pro- also of the Holy Ghost, with- angeli majesty, out any difference or distinc- tion, that in the confession of prietas, et in essentia unitas, the trueand eternal Godhead, et in majestate adoretur distinction in Persons, unity mqualitas. Quam laudant in essence, and equality in cherubim atque quoque archangeli, ac sera- may be adored. Which'the angels and arch- phim, qui non cessant cla- angels praise, the cherubim mare quotidie, una voce also and the seraphim, who dicentes: cease not to cry out daily, saying with one voice: For Week-days Vere dignum et justum est, quum et salutare, nos tibi semper et ubique gratias agere: Pater Domine omnipotens, sancte, xterne Deus; per Christum Domi- It is truly meet and just, right and available to salva- tion, that we should always, and in all places, give than to thee, O holy Lord, Father almighty, eternal God ; TIME AFTER PENTECOST 20 num nostrum. Per quem majestatem tuam laudant DominaAngeli, adorant tiones, tremunt Potestates; Celi ccelorumque_Virtutes, ac beata Seraphim, socia concelebrant. exsultatione Cum quibus et nostras vo- ces, ut admitti_jybeas de- precamur, supplici confes- sione dicentes: throngh Christ our Lord; by whom the Angels praise thy majesty, the Dominations adore it, the Powers tremble before it ; the heavens and the heavenly Virtues, and the blessed Seraphim, with com- mon jubilee, glorify it. Together with whom, we be- Seech thes that we may be admitted to join our humble voices, saying: Here unite with the priest, who, on his part, unites himself with the blessed spirits, in giving thanks to God for the unspeakable gift; bow down and say : Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, Dominus Deus sabaoth ! Pleni sunt celi et terra gloria tua. Hosanna in excelsis ! Deucdictus qui venit in nomine Domini. Hosanna in excelsis ! After these of hosts! Heaven and earth are fall of thy glory. Hosanna in the highest! _ Blessed be the Saviour who is coming to us in the name of the Lord who sends him. Hosanna be to him in the highest! Canon, that bows down to earth, and God descends unto us. The mysterious words Holy, holy, holy, Lord God prayer, commences the in the midst of which heaven voice of the priest is no longer heard ; yea, even at the altar all is silence. It was thus, says the Book of Wisdom, ‘in the quiet of silence, and while the night was in the midst of her course, that the almighty Word came down from His royal throne.” Let a profound respect stay all distractions, and keep our senses in submissionto the soul. Let us respectfully fix our eyes on what the priest does in the holy place. ' Wisd. xviii. 14, 15. 21 THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS THE OANON OF THE MASS n this mysterious colloquy with the great God of aven and earth, the first prayer of the sacrificing riest is for the Catholic Church, his and our mother, O God, who manifestest Te igitur, clementissime Pater, per Jesum Christum thyself unto us by means of Filium tuum Dominum no- strum, supplices rogamus ac petimus, uti accepta habeas et benedicas hac dons, hec ‘munera, hac sancta sacrificia the mysteries which thou hast entrusted to thy holy Church, our mother; we beseech thee, by the merits of this sacrifice, t thou wouldst removeall illibata; in primis qus tibi those hindrances which op- sancta Catholica ; quam pacificare, custodire, adunare, age in this world. peace and unity. terrarum, the Pope, thy vicar on earth. offerimus pro Ecclesia tua et regere digneris toto orbe famulo una cum tuo Papa nostro N. et Antistite nostro N., et omnibus orthodoxis, atque catholicze et apostolica fidei cultoribus, pose her during her &ilgrim- Qive her Do thou thyself guide our holy father Direct thou our Bishop, who is our sacred link of unity; and watch over all the ortho- dox children of the Catholic, apostolic, Roman Church. Here pray, together with the priest, for those whose interests should be dearest to you. Memento, Domine, famuPermit me, O God, to intua- tercede with thee for special circumstantium, quorum tibi fides cognita est, et nota de- ]!;hom thou_.lno:fi.;t. Jh,lt h{ mus, vel qui tibi offerunt hoc sacrificium laudis pro se the fruits of this divine sacrifice, which is offered unto Jorum rum ) famularumque N. et N., et omnium blessings upon ave a * 5% special those of for on Apply to them votio: pro quibus tibi offeri- pray ray: suisque thee in the name of all man- omnibus, pro re- demptione animarum suarum, pro spe salutis et incolumitatis su®; tibique red- kind. vivo et vero. which dunt vota sua ®terno Deo Visit them by thy grace, pardon them their sins, nt them the bluainigt of lifo aud of that fia present is eternal. Here let us commemorate the saints: they are that portion of the body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is called the Church triumphant. TIME AFTER PENTECOST 22 Communicantes, et memo- riam venerautes, in_primis gloriosz semper Virginis Ma- ria, Genitricis Dei et Domini nostri Jesu Christi: sed et But the offering of sacrifice, O my God, not unite us with those of our brethren who are t] d| o sf in this transient life of trial beatorum apostolorum _ac it brings us closer to those posmartyram tuorum, Petri et also who are already in Pauli, Andrez, Jacobi, Joan- session of heaven. Therefore nis, Thom, Jacobi, Philippi, it is that we wish to honour Bartholomi, Matthai,Simonis et Thadd:ei: Lini, Cleti, Clementis, Cornelii, Xysti, Cypriani, Laurentii, Chryso- goni, Joannis et Pauli, Cos- ma et Damiani, et omnium sanctorum tuorum: quorum meritis precibusque conce- das, ut in omnibus protectio- nis tuz muniamur auxilio. Per eumdem Christum Domi- num nostrum. Amen. by it the memory of the glo- rious and ever Virgin Mary, of whom Jesus was born to us; of the apostles, confes- sors, virgins, and of all the suints; that they may assist us, by their powerful inter- cession, to be worthy of this thy visit, and of contemplat- ing thee, as they themselves now do, thy glory. in the mansion of The priest, who up to this time has been praying with his hands extended, now joins them, and holds them over the bread and wine, as the high priest of the old Law was wont to do over the figurative victim ; he thus expresses his intention of bringing these gifts more closely under the notice of the divine Majesty, and of marking them as the material offering whereby we express our dependence, and which, in a few instants, is to yield its place to the living Host, upon whom are laid all our 1niquities. Hanc_igitur servitutis oblationem nostrz, sed et cunctee familie tue, quasu- mus, Domine, ut placatus accipias: diesque nostros in tua pace disponas, atque ab Vouchsafe, O God, to ac- cept the offering, which this thine assembled family pi sents to thee as the homage of its most happy servitude. In return, give us peace, =terna damnatione nos eripi, save us from thy wrath, and beas grege uumerari. Christum Dominum strum. Amen. through him who is_coming et in electorum tuorum ju- Per no- number us among thine elect, to us—thy Son, our Saviour! THE ORDINARY OF THK MASS Quam oblationem tu, Deus, in omnibus, quesumus, be- nedictam, adscriptam, ratam, Yea, Lord, 23 this is the moment when this bread is to become his sacred Body, Corpus_et Sanguis fiat dile- which is our food; and this wine is to be changed into his Blood, which is our drink. nostri Jesu Christi. bring us into the presence of rationabilem, acceptabilemque facere digneris: ut nobis ctissimi Filii tui Domini Ab! delay no longer, but this divine Son, our Saviour ! And here the priest ceases to act as man; becomes more than a mere minister of the His word becomes that of Jesus Christ, power and efficacy. Prostrate yourself in adoration, for the Emmanuel, that is, ‘ God is coming upon our altar. Qui pridie quam patere- tur, accepit panem in san- ctas ac venerabiles manus suas: et elevatis oculis in ccelum, ad te Deum Patrem suum omnipotentem, tibi What, O God he now Church. with its profound with us,’ of heaven and earth, my Jesus, the long expected Messias | what else can I do at this solemn moment, but adore thee in silence, as my sovereign gratias agens, benedixit, fre- Master, and open to thee my it, deditque discipulis suis, filiunl: Accipite, et mandu- cate ex hoc omnes. Hoo 28T ENIM CORPUS MEUM. whole heart, as to its dearest King? Come, then, O Lord Jesus, come ! The divine Lamb is now lying on our altar! Glory and love be to Him for ever! But, He is come that-He may be immolated. Hence the priest, who is the minister of the designs of the Most High, immediately pronounces over the chalice the sacred words which follow, which will produce the great mystical immolation, by the separation of the Victim’s Body and Blood. After those words, the substances of both bread and wine have ceased to exist; the ies alone are left, veiling, as it were, the Body and .BPlzcod of our Redeemer, lest fear should keep us from a mystery, which God gives us for the very purpose 3 TIME AFTER PENTECOST 24 of infusing confidence into our bearts. priest those is pronouncing While the words, let us ass.ciate ourselves to the angels, who tremblingly gaze upon this deepest wonder. Simili modo postquam cce- natum est, ncclpiens et hunc praclarum calicem in sanctas ac venerabiles manus suas: item tibi gratias agens, benedixit, deditque discipulis suis dicens: Accipite et bibite ex eo omnes. Hic EST ENIM CALIX SANGUINIS MEI, NOVI ET ATERNI TESTAMENTI: MYSTERIUM FIDEL: QUI PRO VOBIS ET PRO MULTIS EFFUNDETUR IN REMIS- SIONEM PECCATORUM. quotiescumque feceriti, mei memoriam facieti The O price adore sins, than precious Blood ! thou of my_ salvation ! I thee! Wash away my and make me whiter snow. O Lamb ever slain, yet ever living, thou comest to take away the sins of the world! and reign in Come, also, me by thy power and by thy love. Hac in priest is now face to face with God. He again raises his hands towards heaven, and tells our heavenly Father that the oblation now on the altar is no longer an earthly material offering, but the Body and lood, the whole Person of His divine Son. Unde et memores, DomiFather of infinite holiness! ne, nos servi tui, sed et plebs the Host so long expected is tua sancta, ejusdem Christi here before thee. Behold this Filii tui Domini nostri tam thine eternal Son, who suf- beat Passionis, nec non et fered et in celos gloriose Ascen- grave, and ascended trium- ab inferis Resurrectionis, sed sionis: offerimus praclare Majestati tum de tuis donis ac datis, Hostiam puram, Hostiam sanctam, Hostiam immaculatam : Panem sanctum vite ®terne, et Cali- cem salutis perpetuz. Supra qu® propitio ac se- reno vultu respicere digne- a bitter Passion, rose again with glory from the phantly into heaven. He is thy Son; but be is also our Host, Host pure and spotless, our meat and drink of ever- lasting life. Heretofore, thou acceptedst the sacrifice of the innocent THE ORDINARY ris: etaccepta habere, sicuti MASS 25 lambs offered unto_thee by OF THE es Abel: and the sacrifice which Patriarcha et sacrificium nostri Abrabz, et quod tibi sacerdos obtulit summus tuus Melchisedech, sanctum sacrificium, ~ immaculatam hostiam. son Isasc, who, though im- dignatus accepta habere munera pueri tui justi Abel, Abraham made thee of his molated, yet lived; and, lastly, the sacrifice, which Melchisedech presented to thee, of bread and wine. Receive our sacrifice, which surpasses all those others: it is the Lamb others could be of it is the undying whom all but figures; Victim ; it is the Body of thy Son, who is the Bread of life, and his Blood, which, whilst a drink of immortality for us, is a tribute adequate to thy glory. The priest bows down to the altar, and kisses it as the throne of love, on which is seated the Saviour of men. Supplices te rogamus, omnipotens Deus, jube hzc per- But, O God of infinite power! these sacred gifts are ferri per manus sancti angeli not only on this altar here tui in sublime altare tuum, below : they are also on that in conspectu divinz Majestatis tue: ut quotquot ex hac sublime sanctum two altars are one and the altaris participatione, sacro- Filii tui Corpus et Sanguinem sumpserimus, omni benedictione ccelesti et gratia repleamur. Per eum- dem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. altar in heaven, which is before the throne of thy divine Majesty., These same, on which is accomplished the great mystery of thy glory and our salvation. Vouchsafe to make us takers of the Body of the august par- and Blood Victim, from whom flow every grace and blessing. Nor is the moment less favourable for our making supplication for the Church suffering. Let us, therefore, ask the divine Liberator, who has come down among us, that He mercifully visit, by a ray of His consoling light, the dark abode of purgatory; and TIME AFTER PENTECOST 26 permit His Blood to flow, as a stream of mercy’s dew, from this our altar, and refresh the panting captives there. Let us pray expressly for those among them, who have a claim upon our suffrages. Memento, etiam, Domine, famularumque famulorum Dear Jesus! let the happi- et dormiunt in somno pacis. Ipsis, Domine, et omnibus in Christo quiescentibus, locum refrigerii, lucis et pacis, the elect, in the holy city; ness of this thy visit extend tosrum N. et N. qui_nos to every portion of thy pra:cesserunt cum signo fidei, Church. ~ Thy face gladdens ut indulgeas, deprecamur. Per eumdem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. even our mortal eyes can see thee beneath the veil of our delighted faith; ah! hide not thyself from those brethren of ours, who are imprisoned in the abode of expiation. Be thou refreshment to them in their flames, light in their darkness, and peace in their agonies of torment. This duty of charity fulfilled, let us pray for ourselves, sinners, alas! who profit so little by the visit which our Saviour pays us. Let us, together with the priest, strike our breast, saying: Nobis quoque peccatoribus Alas! we are poor sinners, famulis tuis, de multitudine miserationum tuarum spe- 0O God of all sanctity! societatem thy kingdom ; not indeed by rantibus, partem aliquam et cum tuis donare digneris sanctis apostolis et martyribus; cum Joanne, Stephano, Mathia, Barnaba, Ignatio, Alexandro, Marcelhino, Petro, Felicitate, Per- petua, Agatha, Lucia, Agnete, Ceecilia, Anastasia, et om- nibus sanctis tuis; intra quo- yet do we hoge that thine infinite mercy will grant us to share reason of our works, whicl deserve little else than punishment, but because of the merits of this sacrifice, which we are offering unto thee. Rfen;:mgzll-, too, :lhe n}aam of thy holy apostles,of thy non holy martyrs, of thy holy virns, and of all thy saints. quasumus, largitor admitte; per Christum Dominum no- sion, grace in this world, and rum nos consortium, w@stimator meriti, strum. sed veniz, Per quem hac om- jrant us, by their interces- glory eternal in the next: which we ask of thee, in the THE ORDINARY nia, Domine, semper bona creas, sanctificas, vivificas, benedicis, et prastas nobis; r ipsum, et cum ipso. et in ipso, est tibi Deo, Patri omnipotenti, in unitate Spiritus sancti, omnis honor et gloria. 27 OF THE MASS name of our Lord Jesus Christ, thy Son. It is by him thou bestowest upon us thy blessings sanctification; of life and and, by him also, with him, and in him, in the unity of the Holy ‘Ghost,may honour and glo; be to thee ! i While saying the last of these words, the priest has the taken altar; up he the sacred Host, which was upon has held it over the chalice, thus reuniting the Body and Blood of the divine Victim, in order to show that He is now immortal. Then raising up both chalice and Host, he offers to God the noblest and most perfect homage which the divine Majesty could receive. This sublime and mysterious rite ends the Canon. The silence of the mysteries is interrupted. The priest concludes his long prayers, by saying aloud, and so giving the faithful the opportunity of expressing their desire that his supplications be granted: Per omnia szcula seculo- rum, Answer him with For ever and ever ! faith, and in a sentiment union with your holy mother the Church: Amen. of Amen ! I believe the mystery which has just been ac- complished. T unite myself to the offering which has been made,and to the petitions of the Church. It is now time to recite the prayer taught us by our Saviour Himself. Let together with the sacrifice of of Jesus Christ, How could heard, when He Himself who it ascend to heaven the Body and Blood it be otherwise than drew it up for us is in AFTER TIME 28 PENTECOST our very hands now while we say it? As this prayer belongs in common to all God’s children, the priest recites it aloud, and begins by inviting us all to join in it; he says: OREMUS LET US PRAY Praeceptis salutaribus mo- niti, et divina institutione formati, audemus dicere: Having been taught by a saving precept, and following the form given us by divine instruction, we thus presume to speak : Pater ceelis, tuum: um: noster THE LORD’S qui es in nomen Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy tua sicut thy will be done on earth as sanctificetur adveniat regnum fiat voluntas in ccelo et in terra. tu- Panem nostrum quotidianum da no- bis hodie; et dimitte nobis dimittimus debitoribus debita stris: PRAYER nostra, sicut et nos no- et ne nos inducas in tentationem. name: thy kingdom it 18 in heaven. come: Give us this day our daily bread: and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us, and lead us not into temptation. Let us answer with a deep feeling of our misery: Sed libera nos a malo. But deliver us from evil. The priest falls once more into the silence of the holy mysteries. His first word is an affectionate Amen to your last petition—deliver us from evil— on which he forms his own next prayer: and could he pray for anything more needed? Evil surrounds us everywhere; and the Lamb on our altar has been sent to expiate it, and deliver us from it. Libera nos, quasumus, Domine, ab omnibus malis, }n'steritia. prasentibus et uturis: et intercedente bea- ta et gloriosa semper Virgine Del Genitrice Maria, cum beatis apostolis tuis Petro How many,O Lord, are the evils which beset us! Evils ast, which are the wounds eft on the soul by her sins, and which strengthen wicked propensities. her Evils present, that is, the sins now, THE ORDINARY et Paulo, atque Andrea, et sanctis, da omnibus propi- tius pacem in_diebus no- stris: ut ope misericordire tuz adjuti, et a peccato simus_semper liberi, et ab omni perturbatione securi. OF TIIE MASS 29 at this very time, upon our soul;the weaknessof thispoor soul; and the temptations which molest her. There are, also, future evils, that is, the chastisement which our sins deserve from the hand of thy Per eumdem Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum Fi- justice. In presence of this sancti Deus. and to accept in our favour lium tuum, qui tecum vivit et regnat in unitate Spiritus Host of our salvation, we beseech thee, O Lord, to deliver usfrom all these evils, the intercession of Mary the Mother of Jesus, of the holy apostles, Peter and Paul and Andrew: liberate us, break our chains, give us peace: through Son, who Jesus Christ, thy with thee, liveth and reigneth God. The priest is anxious to announce the peace, which he has asked and obtained; he therefore finishes his prayer aloud, saying: Per omnia secula szculoWorld without end. rum. B. Amen. B. Amen. Then Pax Domini vobiscum. sit semper he says: May the peace of our Lord be ever with you. To this paternal wish reply : R. Et cum spiritu tuo. R. And with thy spirit, The mystery is drawing to a close; God is about to be united with man, and man with God, by means of Communion, But first an imposing and sublime rite takes place at the altar. So far, the priest has announced the death of Jesus; it is time to proclaim His resurrection. To this end, he reverently breaks the sacred Host; and, having divided it into three 30 TIME AFTER PENTECOST parts, be puts one into the chalice, thus reuniting the Body and Blood of the immortal Victim. Do you adore, and say: Hzec commixtio et conseGlory be to thee,O Saviour cratio Corporis et Sanin Domini nostri Jesu Christi, fiat accipientibus nobis in vitam ternam. Amen. of the world! who didst,in thy Passion, permit thy precious Blood to be separated from thy sacred Body, after~ wards uniting them again together by thy divine power. Offer now your prayer to the ever-living Lamb, whom St. John saw on the altar of heaven, ‘standing though slain’:" say to this your Lord and King, who has taken upon Himself all our iniquities, in order to wash them away by His Blood : Agnus Dei, qui tollis pecLamb of God, who takest cata mundi, miserere nobis. away the sins of the world, Agnus Dei, qui tollis pecs Lamb of God, who takest cata mundi, miserere nobis. Agnus Dei, qui tollis pec- have mercy on us! away the sins of the world, haye mercy on us! Lamb of God, who takest cata mundi, dona nobis pa- away the sins of the world, cem. give us peace ! Peace is the grand object of our Saviour’s coming into the world: He is the ‘Prince of peace’® The divine Sacrament of the Eucharist ought, therefore, to be the mystery of peace and the bond of Catholic unity; for, as the apostle says, all we who ?arhke of one Bread, are all one bread and one body’* It is on this account that the priest, now that he is on the point of receiving, in Communion, the sacred Host, prays that fraternal peace may be preserved in the Church, and more especially in this portion of it, which is assembled around the altar. with him, and for the same blessing, Apoc.v.6. *Ia ix.6. *1 Cor: x. 17. Pray THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS Lord 31 Jesus Christ, who Domine Jesu Christe, qui dixisti apostolis tuis: Pacem saidst to thine apostles, ‘My do vobis: ne_respicias peccata mea, sed fidem Ecclesi@ tue: eamque secundum gard not relinquo vobis: pacem meam peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: refaith my of thy sins, but Church, voluntatem tuam pacificare grant her that vivis thy will Who et coadunare digneris. omnia et Amen, regnas szcula Deus, Qui per seculorum. If it be a High peace the and and unity which is according to reignest God, ever. Amen. livest and for ever and Mass, the priest here gives the kiss of peace to the deacon, who gives it to the subdeacon, and he to the choir. During this ceremony, you should excite within yourself feelings of Christian charity, and pardon your enemies, if you have any. Then continue to pray with the priest: Domine Jesu Christe, Fili Dei vivi, qui ex voluntate Patris, co-operante Spirita sancto, mundum me per per mortem tuam vivificasti: libera hoc sacrosanctum Corpus, et Sanguinem tuum, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, who accord- ing to the will of the Father, through the co-operation of the Haly Ghost, hast, by thy death,given life to the world; deliver_me, by this thy most ab omnibus iniquitatibus sacred Body and Blo d, from meis, et universis malis, et all mine iniquities, and from fac me tuis semper inhzrere all evils; and make me almandatis, et a te nunquam separari permittas. Qui cum eodem Deo Patre et Spiritu sancto vivis et regnas, Deus, in sscula sculorum. Amen. ways adhere to thy com- ‘mandments, and never suffer me to beseparated from thee, who with 5:5 same God the Father and the Holy Ghost, livest and reignest God for ever and ever. Amen. If you are going to Communion at this Mass, say the following rayer; otherwise, prepare yourself for a spiritual mmunion : Perceptio Corporis tui, Do- mine Jesu Christe, quod ego Let not the participation of thy Body, O Lord Jesus TIME AFTER PENTECOST 32 indignus sumere prasumo, non mihi proveniat in ju Christ, which T, though un- worthy, presume to receive, cium et condemnationem : turn to my judgment and sed pro tua pietate prosit ~condemnation; but tbrough mihi ad tutamentum mentis thy mercy, may it be a safeet corporis, et ad medelam guard and remedy, both to percipiendam, regnas cum Deo Qui vivis et my Patre, in unitate Spiritus sancti, De- us, per omnia sxcula saculorum. Amen. soul and_body. Who with God the Father, in the unity of the Holy Ghost, livest and reignest God, for ever and ever. Amen. When the priest takes the Host into his hands, in order to receive it in Communion, say : Panem calestem accipiam, et nomen Domini invocabo. Come, come ! my dear Jesus, ‘When he strikes his breast, confessing his unworthiness, say thrice with him these words, and in the same dispositions as the centurion of the Gospel, who first used them : Domine, non sum dignus ut}intres sub tectum meum: sed tantum_dic verbo, et sanabitur anima mea. Lord! I am not worthy that thou enter under say it only with my roof; one word of thine, and my soul shall be healed. While the priest is receiving the sacred Host, if you also are to communicate, %rofmmdly adore your God, who is ready to take up His abode within you; and again say to Him Jesus, come!’! with the bride: ‘ Come, Lord Butshould you not intend to receive sacramentally, make here a spiritual Communion. Adore Jesus Christ, who thus visits your soul by His grace, and say to Him: *Apoc. xxii. 20, THE ORDINARY OF THE MASS Corpus Domini nostriJesu Christi meam in Anmen. custodiat vitam animam =ternam, 33 I give thee, O Jesus, this heart of mine, that thou mayst dwell in it, and do with me what thou wilt. Then the priest takes the chalice, in thanksgiving, and says: cipiam, et nomen Domini vocabo. Laudans Dominum, et ab ‘meis salvus ero. invocabo inimicis ‘What return shall I make to the Lord for all he hath given to me? I will take the chalice of salvation,and will call upon the name of the Lord. Praising, I will call upon the Lord, and I shall be saved from mine enemies. But if fou are to make a sacramental Communion, you shou. d at this moment of the priest’s receiving the precious Blood, again adore the God who is comin, to you, and keep to your prayer: ‘Come, Lord Jesus, come !’ If you are going to communicate only spiritually, again adore your divine Master, and say to Him: S Jesu mam nam. is Domini nostri Christi _custodiat animeam in vitam mter- Amen. T unite myself to thee, my beloved Jesus! do thou unite thyself to me and never let us be separated. It is here that you must approach to the altar, if you are going to Communion, The Communion being finished, and while the priest is purifying the chalice the first time, say : Quod ore sumpsimus, Do- mine, pura mente capiamus; et de munere temporali fiat nobis num. remedium sempiter- Thou hast visited me, O God, in these days of my pil- grimage: give me grace to treasure up the fruits of this visit, and to make it tell upon my eternity. TIME AFTER PENTECOST 34 While the priest is purifying the chalice the Corpus tuum, second time, say: quod sumpsi, et Domine, O Sanguis, Be thou for ever blessed, my Saviour, for havinj quem potavi, adhamreat vis- admitted x;le hto %wdsac in me non Bl{)od. May my heart and senses preserve, by thy grace, ceribus meis: et praesta ut mystery of thy Body an remaneat scele- rum macula, quem pura et 4 the purity thou hast im- sancta refecerunt Sacramen- ta. Qui vivis et regnas in Emed to them, and may I secula seculorum. The e thus rendered less un- Amen. priest, having read worthy of thy divine visit. the anthem called the Communion, which 13 the first part of his thanksiving for the favour just received from God, whereby e has renewed His divine presence among us, turns to the people, greeting them with the usual salutation; and then recites the prayer, called the Postcommunion, which is the continuation of the thanksgiving. You will join him here also, and thank God for the nnspeakable gift He has just lavished upon you, of admitting you to the celebration and participation of mysteries so divine, As soon as these prayers have been recited, the priest again turns to the people; and, full of joy at the immense favour he and they have been receiving, he says: Dominus vobiscum. Et cum spiritu tuo. The Lord be with you. Answer bim : And with thy spirit. The deacon, or (if it be not a High Mass), the priest himself, then says: Ite, missa est. R. Deo gratias. Go, the Mass is finished. B. Thanks be to God. The priest makes a last prayer before giving you his blessing ; pray with him: THE Placeat tibi, ORDINARY sancta Tri- OF THE 35 MASS Eternal thanks be to thee, nitas, obsequium servitutis O adorable Trinity, for the cium, quod oculis tuz Majestatis indignus obtuli, tibi me, in permitting me to as- mem, et praesta ut sacrifi- mercy thou hast shown to sist at this divine sacrifice. sit acceptabile, mihique, et Pardon me the negligence omnibus pro quibus sit,te miserante, illud pitiabile. Per Christum minum nostrum. Amen. pro- and coldness wherewith I have received so great a fa- Do- vour; and deign to confirm the blessing which thy minister is about to give me in thy name. The priest raises his hand, and blesses you thus: May the almighty God, Deus, Pater, et Filius, et Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Spiritus sanctus. bless you! R. Amen. R. Amen. Benedicat vos omnipotens He then concludes the Mass, by reading the hrst fourteen verses of the Gospel according to St. John, which tell us of the eternity of the Word, and of the mercy which led Him and to dwell among the number of those came wnto His own made sons of God. to take upon Himself our flesh, us. Pray that you may be of who received Him when He people, and who, thereby, were ¥. Dominus vobiscum. ¥. The Lord be with you, R. Et cum spiritu tuo. R. And with thy spirit. THE LAST GOSPEL Initium sancti Evangelii se- cundum Joannem. . . Cop I In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum. Hoc erat in principioapud Deum. Omnia peripsum facta sunt; et sine ipso factum est nihil The beginning of the holy Gospel locg;.di;g to John. In the beginning was the Word Word, and the with God, and the Word God. The same was in beginning with God. things were made was was the _All by him, TIME AFTER PENTECOST 36 quod factum vita_erat, est; in ipso et vita erat lux hominum; et lux in tenebris Jucet, et tenebr comprehenderunt. eam non Fuit ho- ‘mo missus a Deo, cui nomen erat Joannes. and without him was made nothing that was made. In him was life, and the life was the light of men; and the light and shineth the in darkness, darkness did not _Hio venit in comprehend it. There was testimonium, ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine, ut om- nes crederent perillum. Non erat ille lux, sed ut testimonium_perhiberet de lumine. Erat lux vera, qu illuminat omnem hominem venientem In munin hunc mundum. do erat, et mundus per ipsum factus est, et mundus eum a man sent from God, whose name was Jehn. This man came for a witness, to give testimony of the light, that all men mightbelievethrough him. He was not the light, but was to give testimony of the light. That was the true light which enlighteneth every man that cometh into this world. He was in the world, and the world was Quotquot autem re- made by him, and the world runt. ceperunt eum, dedit eis po- knew him not. He came untestatem filios Dei fieri, his to his own, and his own requi credunt in nomine ejus : ceived him not. But as many qui non ex sanguinibus, ne- as received him, to them he In propria non cognovit. venit, et sui eunx non recepe- que ex voluntate carnis, ne- gave power to be made the ue ex voluntate viri, sed ex 0, nati sunt. ET VERDUM CARO FACTUM EST, et habi- tavit in nobis: et vidimus gloriam_ejus, gloriam quasi Unigeniti a_Patre, plenum gratie et veritatis. sons of God ; to them that believe in bis name, who are born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. AND THE WORD WAS MADE FLESH, and dwelt among us; and we saw his glory, a8 it were the glory of the Only- Begotten of the Father, full R Deo gratias. of grace and truth. R. Thanks be to God. VESPERS CHAPTER THE 37 SECOND ON THE OFFICE OF VESPERS FOR SUNDAYS AND FEASTS, DURING THE TIME AFTER PENTECOST THE Office of Vespers, or Evensong, consists firstly of the five following psalms. For certain feasts some of these psalms are changed appropriate After the the Church supplication ¥. Deus, for others, which are more to those occasions. Pater and Ave have been said in secret, commences this Hour with her favourite : in meum intende. adjutorium R. Domine, ad adjuvan- dum me festina. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et X;;. Incline unto my aid, O od. R. O Lord, make haste to help me. Glory be to the Father, and Spiritr. sancto. to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. Sicut erat in principio, et As it was in the beginning, nunc, et semper, cula seculorum. Alluluia. et in s@- Amen. ANT. Dixit Dominus. is now, and ever world without end. Alleluia. 1l be, Amen. ANt. The Lord said. The first psalm is a prophecy of the future glory of the Messias. The Son of David shall si¢ on the 7ight hand of the heavenly Father. He is King; He is priest; He is Son of Man, and Son of God. His enemies will attack Him, but He will crusk them. He will be humbled; but this voluntary humiliation will lead Him to highest glory. TIME AFTER PENTECOST 38 PSALM 109 to my Lord, Dixit_Dominus Domino lis TheSon:LordSit said thou at my right meo: * Sede a dextris meis. hand, and reign with me. Until, on the day of thy last Donec ponam inimicos taos: * scabellum pedu"m coming, I make thy enemies thy footstool. tuorum. Virgam virtutis tue emit- tet Dominus ex Sion : * dominare in medio inimicorum O Christ! the Lord thy Father will send forth the sceptre of thy power out of in die ‘With thee is the principality tuorum. Tecum principium virtutis tuz in splendoribus sanctorum: * ex utero ante luciferum genui te. Taravit Dominus, et non Dominus « dextris tuis : * confregit in die ir® suz reges. in from thence rule thou in the midst of thy enemies. in the day of thy strength, in the brightness of the saints : For the Father hath said to thee: From the worab before peenitebit eum: * Tu es Sacerdos in @ternum secundum ordinem Melchisedech. Judicabit Sion: nationibus, implebit ruinas : * conquas- sabit capita in terra multo- rum. De torrente in via bibet : * propterea exaltabit caput. Axr. Dixit Dominus Domino meo: sede a dextris meis. ANT. Magna opera Domini. the day-star I begot thee. ‘The Lord hath sworn, and he will not repent : ke hath said, speaking to thee the God- Man; Thou art a Priest for ever, according to the order of Melchisedech, Therefore, O Father, the Lord, thy Son, is at thy right hand: he hath broken kings in the day of his wrath. He shall also judge among nations : in that terrible com- ing, he shall fill the ruins of the world: he shall crush the heads in the land of many. He cometh now in humility: he shall drink in the way of the torrent of suffering: therefore, shall he lift up the head. ANT. The Lord said to my Lord: hand. Sit thou at my right ANT. Great are the works of the Lord. The following psalm commemorates the mercies VESPERS 39 of God to His people, the promised covenant, the redemption, His fidelity to His word. But it also tells us that the name of the Lord is terrible because it is holy; and concludes by admonishing us, that the feur of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. rsaLy Domine, tibi, Confitebor * in con- in toto corde meo: silio justorum et congregatione. Magna Domini: * 110 I will praise thee, O Lord, with my whole heart: in the counsel of the just, and in the congregation. tes ejus. Great are the works of the Lord : sought ovt according to all his wills. opus ejus : * et justitia_ejus nificence: und his justice con- opera exquisita in omnes volunta- Confessio et magnificentia Hiswork is praise and mag- saculum tinueth for ever and ever, He Lath made a remembrance of his wonderful works, being a merciful and gracious Lord : he hath given tood to them that fear him. He will be mindful for ever operum suorum annuntiabit populo suo. Ut det illis hereditatem Gentium: * opera manuum Church,the inheritance of the manet in szculum szculi. Memoriam fecit mirabi- lium suorum, misericors et miserator Dominus : * escam dedit timentibus se. Memor testamenti erit sui: in * virtutem ejus veritas et judicium. Fidelia ejus, lum omnia mandata confirmata in swmcu- szculi: facta in veri- tate et 2quitate. of his covenant with men : he will show forth to his people the power of his works. That he may give them Ais Gentiles: the works of his handsaretruthandjudgment. All his commandments are faithful, confirmed for ever and ever: made in truth and eqnity. Redemptionem misit poHe hath sent redemption pule suo: * mandavit in to his people : he hath tkereby mternum um, testamentum su- et terribile no- Sanctum men ejus: * initium sapientiz timor Domini. Intellectus bonus omni- commanded his covenant for ever. Holy and terrible is his name : the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. A good understanding toall 4 TIME AFTER PENTECOST 40 bus facientibus eum : * laudatio ejus manet lum seculi. in sacu- ANT. Magna opera Domini: exquisita in omnes voluntates ejus. ANT. Qui timet Dominum. that do it: his praise continueth for ever and ever. ANT. Great are the works the Lord:"sought of out accord- ing to all his wills. ANT. Lord. He that feareth the The next psalm sings the happiness of the just man, and his hopes on the day of his Lord’s coniing. It tells us, likewise, of the confusion of the sinner who shall have despised the mysteries of God's love towards mankind. PsALM 111 Beatus vir qui timet DoBlessed is the man that minum : * in mandatis ejus feareth the Lord; he shall volet nimis. delight exceedingly in his Potens in terra erit semen ejus: * generatio benedicetur. rectorum Gloria et divitiz in domo commandments. His seed shail be mighty upon earth; the generation of the righteous shall be blessed. Glory and wealth shall be ejus: et justitia ejus ma- in his house : and his justice net in seculum szculi. remaineth for ever and ever. Exortum est in tenebris To the righteous a light is lumen rectis : * misericors risen up in darkness ; he is et miserator, et justus. merciful, and compassionate, and just. Jucundus homo, qui miseAcceptable is the man that retur et commodat, disponet showeth mercy and lendeth ; sermones suos in judicio: * he shall order his words with quia in ®ternum non com- judgment : because he shall movebitur. In memoria wterna erit justus : * ab auditione mala not be moved for ever. The just shall be in ever- lasting” remembrance : he in Domino, confirmatum est shall not fear the evil bearing. _ His heart is ready to hope in th~ Lord; his heart is suos. enemies. non timebit. Paratum cor ejus sperare cor ejus : * non commovebitur donec despiciat inimicos strengthened : he shall not be moved until he look over his 41 'VESPERS hath distributed, he Dispersit. dedit pauperi- hathHe given to the poor ; his bus, justitia ejus manet in * cornu justice remaineth for ever szculum swcali: and ever: his horn shall be ejus exaltabitur in gloria. exalted in glory. Tho wicked shall see, and Peccator videbit, et irascetur, dentibus_suis fremet et shall boangry; beshall guash tabescet : * desiderium pec- with his teeth and pine away; the desire of the wicked sha'l catorum peribit. peris ANT. Qui timet Dominum ANT. He that feareth the in mandatis ejus cupit nimis. Lord delighteth exceedingly in ANT. Sit nomen Domini. The psalm to the Lord, pity on the honour it by Laudate, num: mini. PSALM Domi- pueri, Do- Sit nomen Domini benedictum: ®ex hoc nunc et usque in seculum. solis ortu usque ad occasum: * laudabile nomen Domini. gentes ANT. May the name of the Lord. Laudate pueri is a canticle of praise who, from His high heaven, has taken human race, and has vouchsafed to the Incarnation of His own Son. * Jaudate nomen Excelsus his commandments. _super omnes Dominus : et super ccelos gloria ejus. Quis sicut Dominus Deus 112 Praise the Lord, ye chil- dren : praise ye the name of the Lord, Blessed be the name of the Lord : from henceforth now and for ever. From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same, the name of the Lord is worthy of praise. The Lord is high above all nations: and his glory above the heavens. noster qui in altis habitat : * et humilia respicit in cwlo Who is as the Lord our God, who dwelleth on high: and looketh down on the low Suscitans a terra inopem : Raising up the needy from et in terra? . * et de stercore erigens pau- thingsin heaven and inearth? the earth : and lifting up the perem: poor out of the dunghill : cipibus: * cum principibus populi sui. with princes: with theprinces Ut collocet eum cum prin- That he may place of his people. him 43 TIME AFTER Sui babitare facit sterilem in domo: * matrem filiorum lztantem, AxT. Sit nomen Domini benedictum in swcula. ANT. Deus autem noster. PENTECOST ‘Who maketh a barren wowan to dwell in a house, the Jjoyful mother of children. ANT. May the name of the Lord be for ever blessed. ANT. But our God. The fifth psalm, In exitu, recounts the prodigies witnessed under the ancient Covenant: they were figures, whose realities were to be accomplished in the mission of the Son of God, who came to deliver Israel from Egypt, emaocipate the Gentiles from their idolatry, and pour out a blessing on every man who will consent to fear and love the Lord. pSALM In exitu Israel de /Egyp- 113 ‘When Israel went out of to: * domus Jacob de populo Egypt, the house of Jacob catio ejus: * Israel potestas Judea was made his sanctuary, Israel his dominion. Mare vidit et fugit: * Jordanis conversus est retror- The sea saw and fled ; Jordan was turned back. barbaro. Facta est Judea sanctifi- ejus. sum. Montes exsultaverunt ut arietes: * et colles sicut agni ovium. Quid est tibi, mare, quod fugisti: * et tu, Jordanis. quia_conversus sum? Montes es exsultastis retrorsicut from a barbarous people. The mountains _skipped like rams : and the hills like the lambs of the flock. What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou didst flee: and thou, O Jordan, that thou wast turned back ? Ye mountains that ye skip- arietes : * et colles sicut agni ped like rams: and ye hills A facie Domini mota est terra : * a facie Dei Jacob. At the presence of the Lord the earth was moved, at the ovium ? Qui convertit petram in stagna aquarum : * et rupem in fontes aquarum. Non nobis, Domine, non like lambs of the flock ? presence of the God of Jacob. Who turned the rock into pools of water, and the stony hills into fountains of waters. Not to us, O Lord, not to VESPERS 43 nobis: * sed nomini tuo da us: but to thy name give veritate tua : truth’ssake: lest the Gentiles glory. ) gloriam. Super misericordia tua, et For thy mercy, and for thy * mequando dicant gentes: Ubi est Deus eorum ? Deus autem noster in should say : Where is their God? But our God is in heaven : ar- he hath done all things whatsoever he would. The idols of the Gentiles Os habent, et non loquen- of the hands of men. They have mouths, and ceelo: * omnia quacumque voluit fecit. Simulacra gentum manuum gentium et aurum: hominum. * opera aresilverand gold: the works tur: * oculos habent, et non speak not : they have eyes, Aures_habent, et non audient: * nares habent, et ears and hear videbunt. non odorabunt. Manus habent, et non pal- pabunt ; pedes non ambulabunt: habent, et * non cla- mabunt in gutture suo. Similes illis fiant qui faciunt ea . * et omnes qui confidunt in eis. Domus Israel speravit in Domino: * adjutor eorum et protector eorum est. Domus Aaron speravit in * adjutor Domino: et protector eorum est. Qui timent eorum Dominum, speraverunt in Domino: * adjutor eorum et protector eorum est. and see not. They have not: they have noses, and smell not. They have hands, and feel not: they have feet, and walk not: neither shall they cry out through their throat. Let them that make them become like unto them: and all such as trust in them. The house of Israel hath hoped in the Lord: he is their helper and their protector. The house of Aaron bath hoped in the Lord: heistheir helper and their protector. hey that fear the Lord have hoped in the Lord: he is their helper and their pro- tector. Dominus memor fuit noThe Lord hath been mindful of us,and hath blessed us. stri: * et benedixit nobis. Benedixit domui Israel : He hath blessed the house of Israel : ke hath blessed the * benedixit domui Aaron. house of Aarou. He hath blessed all that Benedixit omuibus qui timent Dominum : * pusillis fear the Lord, both littleand cum majoribus. great. Adjiciat Domiuus super May the Lord add blessings 44 TIME vos: AFTER * super vos, et super filios vestros. Benedicti vos a Domino: * qui fecit ccelum et terram. celum ceeli Domino: * terram autem dedit filiis hominum. PENTECOST upon you: upon you, and upon your children. Non mortui lsudabunt te, Blessed be you of the Lord, who made heaven and earth. The heaven of heaven is the Lord's: but the earth he has given to the children of men. The dead shall not praise nedicimus Domino: * ex hoc Lord : from this time now Domine: * neque omnes qui thee, O Lord: mnor any of them that go down to hell, descendunt in infernum. But we that live bless the Sed nos qui vivimus, benunc et usque in seculum. ANT. Deus autem noster in and for ever. ANT. But our God is in coelo: omnia quaecumque volu- heaven: he hath done all it, fecit. things whatsoever he would, After these five psalms, a short lesson from the It is called Capitulum, or holy Scriptures is read. Little Chapter, because it is always very short. Those for the several festivals are given in the proper of each. CAPITULUM (@ Cor. i) Benedictus Deus et Pater Blessed be the God_and Domini nostri Jesu Christi, Father of our Lord Jesus Pater et Christ, the Father of mercies qui consolatur nos in omni tribulatione nostra. who comforteth us in all our tribulations, R. Thanks be to God. Deus misericordiarum totius consolationis, R. Deo gratias. and the God of all comfort, Then follows the hymn, We here give the one for Sundays. 1t was composed by St. Gregory the Great. It sings of creation, and celebrates the praises of that portion of it which was called forth on this first day, viz, the light. VESPERS Lucis Creator optime, Lucem dierum proferens; Primordiis lucis nov, Mundi parans originem. 45 HYMN * Qui mane junctum vesperi Diem vocari preecipis: Tllabitur tetrum chaos, Audi preces cum fletibus. Ne mens gravata crimine, O infinitely good Creator of the lifh'! by thee was produced the light of day, providingthus the world’s beginning with the beginning of the new-made light. Thou biddest us call the time from morn till eve day; this day is over; dark night comeson: oh ! hear our tear- ful prayers. Let not our soul, weighed Vit sit exsul munere : downby crime, mis-spend thy Ceeleste pulset ostium Vitale tollat premium : Vitemus omne noxium, Purgemus omue pessimum. by her sins. Oh'! may we strive to enter our heavenly home, and bear away the prize of life: maywe shun what would injure us, Dum nil perenne cogitat, Seseque culpis illigat. Presta, Pater piissime, Patrique compar Unice, Cum Spiritu Paraclito, Regnans per omne seculum. Amen. gift of life: and, forgettin, what is eternal, be earth-tie: and cleanse our soul from her defilements. Most merciful Father! and thou, his only-begotten Son, coequal with him, reigning for ever, with the holy Para- clete, grant this our prayer. Amen. * According to the monastic rite, it is as follows :— R. breve. Quam may mificata Ne mens gravata crimine, sunt., * Opera tua, omine. Vitee sit exsul munere, Quam. Omnia 8ti. * Opera. in sapientia feciGloria Patri, &c. Quam. Lucis Creator optime, Lucem dieram proferens ; Primordiis lucis nova, Mundi parans originem. Qui mane junctum vesperi Diem vocari pracipis, Tetram chaos illabitur, Audi preces cum fletibus, Dum nil perenne cogitat, Seseque culpis illigat. Celorum pulset intimum, Vitale tollat premium : Vitemus omne noxiom, Purgemus omne pessimum. Presta, Pater piissime, Patrique compar Unice, Cum Spiritu Paraclito. Regnans per omne szculum. Amen. 616 TIME AFTER PENTECOST The versicle which follows the hymn, and which veve here give, is that of the Sunday: those for the feasts are given in their proper places. Dirigatur, ! ¥. coratio mea. T R. Sicut oronspectu tuo. Domine, incensum in ¥.Maymy prayer, O Lord, ascend, . _R. sight. Like incense in thy ' Then is said the Magnificat antiphon, which is to bre found in the proper. After this, the Church snings the canticle of Mary, the Magnificat, in which mere celebrated the divine maternity and all its conscequent blessings. This exquisite canticle is an esssential part of the Office of Vespers. It is the ewening incense, just as the canticle Benedictus, at Iniauds, is that of the morning. OUR LADY'S CANTICLE (St. Luke, i) 1 Magnificat : * anima mea Iodominum; 1 Et exsultavit spiritus meuis: * in Deo salutari meo. ( Quia respexit humilita- toem ancille sue: * ecce einim ex hoc beatam me di- My Lord, And soul doth magnify the my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. Because hehath regarded the humility of his bandmaid: for behold from henceforth all ge- crent omnes generationes. nerations shall callmeblessed «de: * et exaltavit humiles. mighty from their seat: and Because he that is mighty ptotens est: * et sanctum hath done great things to Dromen ejus. me: and holy is his name, T Et misericordia_ ejus a And his mercy is from geporogenie in progenies: * ti- neration unto generation: to : ceaentibus eum. them that fear him. ¥ Fecit potentiam in braHe hath showed might in < ciihio suo: * dispersit super- his arm: he bath dispersed " bsos mente cordis sui. the_proud in the conceit of their heart. He hath put down the I Deposuit potentes de se € Quia fecit mihi magna qui bath exalted the humble. VESPERS Esurientes implevit bonis : * et divites dimisit ina- nes. Israel Suscepit suum: * recordatus miseri- cordiz sum. Sicut puerum locutus est ad tres nostros: * Abraham semini ejus in scula. pa- et 47 He hath filled the hungry with good things: aud the rich he hath sent emptyaw: He hath received Jorael his servant, being mindful of his mercy. As he spoke to our fath to Abraham and to his see for ever. The Magnificat antiphon is then repeated. The prayer, or collect, is given in the proper of each feast. . Benedicamus Domiuo. V. Let us bless the Lord. R Thanks be to God. . Fidelium anime per ¥. May the souls of the departed, through the misericordiam Dei requie- faithful . Deo gratias. scant in pace. R. Awen. wercy of God, rest in peace. R. Amen. 48 TIME AFTER PENTECOST CHAPTER THE THIRD ON THE OFFICE OF COMPLINE DURING THE TIME AFTER PENTECOST Ta1s Office, which concludes the day, commences by a warning of the dangers of the night: then immediately follows the public confession of our sins, as a powerful means of propitiating the divine justice, and obtaining God’s help, now that we are going to spend so many hours in the unconscious, and therefore dangerous, state of sleep, which image of death. is also such an The lector, addressing the priest, says to him : Jube, domne, benedicere. _ Pray, father, give thy bless- ing. The priest answers : Noctem quietam et finem May the almighty Lord perfectum concedat nobis grant us a quiet night and a Dominus omnipotens. perfect end. B. Amen. R. Amen. The lector then reads Epistle of St. Peter : Fratres: Sobrii estote, et vigilate: quia adversarius vester diabolus, tamquam leo rugiens, circuit quarens quem devoret : cui resistite fortes in fide. Tu autem, Domine, miserere nobis. R. Deo gratias. these words, from Brethren, the first be sober and watch ; because your adver- sary the devil, like a roaring Tion, goeth about seeking whom he may devour: whom resist ye, strong in faith. But thou, O Lmd,inu mercy on us. The choir answers: B. Thanks be to God. 49 COMPLINE Then the priest : ¥. Adjutorium in nomine Domini. mnostrum ¥. Ourbelpis in the name of the Lord. The choir: B. Qui fecit ccelum et terram. RB. Who hath made heaven and earth. Then the Lord’s Prayer is recited in secret; after which the priest says the confiteor, and when he has finished, the choir repeats it. The priest, baviog pronounced the general form of absolution, says: ¥. Converte nos, Deus, ¥. Convert us, O God, our salutaris noster. Baviour. R. Et averte iram tuam a nobis. ¥. Deus, in adjutorium meum intende. RB. Domine, ad adjuvandum me festina. Gloria Patri, &c. ANT. Miserere. R. And turn away anger from us. thine ¥. Incline unto my aid, O God. R. O Lord, make haste to help me. Glory, &c. ANT. Have mercy. The first psalm expresses the confidence with which the just man sleeps in peace ; but the wicked know not what calm rest is, PSALM 4 Cum invocarem exaudivit ‘When I called upon his me Deus justitiz mez: * the God of my justice heard in_ tribulatione dilatasti me: when I was in distress, mihi. thou hast enlarged me. Miserere mei: * et exaudi Have mercy on me: and orationem meam. hear my prayer. Filii hominum, gravi corde: usquequo * ut quid dili- gitis_vanitatem, et queritis mendacium ? O ye sons of men, how lon will you be dull of heart why do you love vanity, and seek after lying ? 50 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Et scitote quoniam ficavit suum: miri- Dominus sanctum * Dominus exaudiet 1ue, cum clamavero ad eum. Irascimini et nolite peccare: * quee dicitis in cordibus vestris, in cubilibus vestris compungimini. Sacrificate sacrificium justi- ti, et sperate * multi in Dowino: dicunt: Quis osten- dit nobis bona? Siguatum Jumen vultus est super mnos tui Domine: * dedisti lztitiam in corde A fructu frumenti, vini et olei sui: * multiplicati sunt. isti me. the things you say in your Learts, be sorry for them upon your beds. Offer up the sacrifice of jus- tice, and trust in the Lord : many say, Who showeth us good things? The light of thy counte- nance, O Lord, is signed upon us: thou hast given gladness meo. In pace dormiam et Quoniam guluriter in Know ye also that the Lord hath made his holy Oue wonderful: the Lord will hear me, when I shall cry unto him. Be ye angry, and sin not : in my heart. By the fruit of their corn, their wine, and oil, they are multiplied. In peace, in the self same, I in idipsum requiescam. will sleep, and T will rest. tu, Domine, sin- For thou,0 Lord, singularly spe: * constitu- hast settled mie in hope. * The Church has introduced here the first six verses of psalm xxx., because they contain the prayer which our Saviour made when dying: Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit '—words so beautifully appropriate to this Office of the close of theiday. In te, Domine, psaLyM 30% In speravi, non confundar in_@ternum : * in justitia tua libera me. Inclina ad me aurem tu- am : * accelera ut eruas me. Esto mihi in Deum protectorem, et in domum re- thee, O Lord, bave I hoped, let me never be confounded: justice. deliver me in thy Bow down thine ear to me: make haste to deliver me. Be thou unto me a God, a protector, and a house of re- fugii: * ut salvum me fa- fuge, to save me. cias. Quoniam fortitudo mea, For thou art my strength, * In accordance with the decrees of Pope Pius X. the second psalm, consisting of a portion of Psalm zzz, is omitted. COMPLINE et refugium meum es tu: * et propter nomen tuum deduces me, et enutries me. Educes me de laqueo hoc quem absconderunt mihi : * quoniam meus. In tu manus es protector tuas commen- do spiritum meum: demisti me, Domine, veritatis. * reDeus 51 and my refuge: and for thy name's sake, thou wilt lead me, and nourish me. Thou wilt bring me out of this snare, which they have hidden for me : for thou art my protector. Tnto thy bands I commend myspirit: thou hast redeemed me, O Lord, the God of truth, The third psalm gives the motives of the just man’s confidence, even during the dangers of the night. There is no snare neglected by the demons; but the good angels watch over us, with brotherly solicitude. Then we have God Himself speaking, and promising to send us a Saviour. PSALM Qui_ habitat in adjutorio Altissimi: * in protectione Dei ceeli commorabitur. Dicet Domino : Susceptor meus es tu, meum : * Deus rabo in eum. Quoniam et refugium meus, spe- ipse liberavit me de laqueo venantium: * et & verbo aspero, Scapulis suis obumbrabit 90 He that dwelleth in the aid of the Most High, shall abide under the protection of the God of heaven. He shall say unto the Lord: Thou art my protector, and my refuge: my God, in him will I trust. For he hath delivered me from the snare of the hunters: and from the sharp word. He will overshadow thee with hisshoulders: and under tibi: * et sub pennis ejus spesabis. his wings thou shalt trust. Scuto circumdabit te veHistruth shall compassthee ritas ejus: * non timebis a timore nocturno : A sagitta volante in die, & negotio perambulante tenebris: * ab incursu, demonio meridiano. in et Cadent a latere tuo mille, with a shield : thou shalt not be afraid of the terror of the night : f the arrow that flieth in the day : of the business that walketh about in the darl of invasion,or of the noonday devil. Athousand shall fall at thy 52 TIME AFTER et decem millia a dextris tuis: * ad te autem non . . appropinquabit. erumtamen_ oculis tuis considerabis : ® et retributionem peccatorum videbis. Quoniam tu es, Domine, spes mea : * Altissimum posuisti refugium tuum. Non accedet ad te malum: * et flagellum non_appropinquabit tabernaculo tuo. Quoniam angelis suis mandavit de te : * ut custodiant te in omnibus viis tuis. In manibus portabunt te : * ne forte offendas lapidem pedem tuum. Super aspidem et scum ambulabis: culcabis leonem nem. Quoniam liberabo eum, quoniam basili- * et conet draco- in me eum: ad speravit, * protegam cognovit nomen meum. Clamabit ad me, et ego exaudiam eum: * cum ipso sum in tribulatione, eripiam eum, et glorificabo eum. Longitudine dierum re- lebo eum : * et ostendam 1lli salutare meum. PENTECOST side, and ten thousand at thy right hand : but it shall not come nigh thee. But thou shalt consider with thine eyes: and shalt see the reward of the wicked. Because thou hast said: Thou, O Lord, art my hope, thou hast made the Most High thy refuge. There shall no evil come unto thee, nor shall the scotirge come near thy dwelling. For he hath given his angels charge over thee: to keep thee in all thy ways. In their hands they shall bear thee up : lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. Thou shalt walk upon the asp and basilisk: and thou shalt trample under foot the lion and the dragon. God will say cause he hoped deliver him: I him, because he my name. of thec: Bein me, [ will will protect hath known He will cry untome, and I will hear him: I am with him in tribulation, I will deliver him, and I will glorify him. I will fill him with length of days: and I will show him my salvation. The fourth psalm invites the servants of God to persevere, with fervour, in the prayers they offer during the night. The faithful should say this psalm in a spirit of gratitude to God, for raising up 1 the Church adorers of His holy name, whose grand vocation is to lift up their hands, day and night, for the safety of Israel. On such prayers depend the happiness and the destinies of the world. COMPLINE 53 PSALM 133 Behold ! now bless ye the Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum : * omnes servi Do- Lord, all ye servants of the Lord. mini. ‘Who stand in the house of Qui statis in domo Domini: *in atriis domus Dei the Lord, in the courts of the house of our God. nostri. In the nights lift up your In noctibus extollite manus vestras in sancta: ¥ et hands to the holy places, and benedicite Dominum. bless ye the Lord. Sayto Israel: May theLord, Benedicat te Dominus ex Sion: * qui fecit ceelum et out of Sion, bless thee, he that made heaven and earth. terram. ANT. Miserere mihi, DoAxt. Have mercy on me, 0 mine, et exaudi orationem Lord, and hear my prayer. meam. HYMN* Te lucis ante terminum, Rerum Creator, poscimus, Ut pro tua clementia, Sis praesul et custodia. Procul recedant somnia, Et noctium phantasmata ; Hostemque prime, nostrum com- Ne polluantur corpora. Prasta, Pater piissime, Patrique compar Unice, Cum Spiritu Paraclito Regnans per omne seculum, Amen. Before the closing of the light, we beseech thee, Crea- tor of all things! that, in thy clemency, thou be our protector and our guard. May the dreams and phantoms of night depart far from us: and do thou repress our enemy, lest our bodies be profaned. Most merciful Father! and thou, bis only-begotten Son, coequal with him, reigning for ever, with the holy Para- clete, grant this our prayer! Amen. * According to the mouastic rite, as follows :— Te lucis ante terminum, Hostemyue nostrum comprime, Rerum Creator, poscimus, Ne polluantur corpora. Ut solita clewentia Praesta, Pater omnipotens, Per Jesum Christum Dominum, Sis preesul ad custodiam. somnia Procul recedant Qui tecam in perpetuum Regoat cum saucto Spiritu. Et noctium phontasmata ; Amen. TIME AFTER PENTECOST 54 CAPITULUM (Jeremias, xiv.) Tu autem in nobis es Do- mine, tuum nos: et nomen invocatum sanctum est ne_ derelinquas super nos, Domine Deus noster. R. In manus tuas, Domine : * Commendo spiritum menm. In manus tuas. ¥. Redemisti ne Deus veritatis. mendo. Gloria. nos, Domi* Com- In manus tuas. But thou art in ug, O Lord, and thy holy name hath been invoked upon us: forsake us not, O Lord our God. R. Tnto thy bands,OLord:* T commend my spirit. Into thy bands. ¥. Thou hast redeemed us, O Lord God of truth, commend. Glory. * I Into thy hands. V. Preserve us, O Lord, as ¥. Custodi nos, Domine, the apple of thine eye. ut pupillam oculi. R Bub umbra alasum taR. Protect us under the arum protege nos. shadow of thy wings. The canticle of the venerable Simeon—who, while holding the divine Infant in his arms, proclaimed Him to be the light of the Gentiles, and then slept the sleep of the just—is admirably appropriate to the Office of Compline. Holy Church blesses God for having dispelled the darkness of night by the rising of the Sun of justice; it is for love of Him that she toils the whole day through, and rests during the night, saying : ‘I sleep, but my heart watcheth.” Nunc CANTICLE OF SIMEON (St. Luke, ii.) dimittis servum Now dost thou dismiss thy tuum, Domine : * secundum ~ servant, O Lord, according to verbum tuum in pace. Quia viderunt oculi mei: * salutare tuum, lh{}word, in peace. ecause mine eyes seen thy salvation. ciem omnium populorum. before the face of all peoples. Quod parasti: * ante faLumen ad revelationem ‘Which thou hast have prepared: Alight to the revelation of ! Cant, v. 2 COMPLINE Gentiam : * et gloriam plebis tue Lsrael. . Gloria. Axt. Salva nos, Domine, vigilantes : custodi nos dormientes, ut vigilemus cam Christo, et requiescamus in pace. OREMUS Visita, quesumus, ne, Domi- istam, habitationem et omnes insidias inimici ab ea 55 the Gentiles, and the glory of thy Fenpla Israel, Glory, &ec. ANT. Save us, O Lord, while awake, and watch us as we sleep, that we may watch with Christ, and rest in peace. LET US PRAY Visit, we beseech thee, O Lord, this house and family, anddrivefar from it allsnares longe repelle: angeli tui of the enemy : let thy holy sancti habitent in_ea, qui angels dwell therein, who may keep us in peace,andmay Per Dominum no- us. Through Jesus Christ our Lord, thy Son,who liveth and nos in pace custodiant: et benedictio_tua sit super nos semper. strum Jesum Christum Fi- thy blessing be always upon Tium tuum, qui_tecum vivit et regnat in unitate Spiritus unity of the Holy Ghost, God, R. Amen. cula sculorum. . Dominus vobiscum. V. The Lord be with you. per omniz sz- sancti Deus, . Et cum spiritu tuo. reigneth with thee, in the world without end. R. Amen. RB. And with thy spirit. . Benedicamus Domino. V. Let us bless the Lord. Benedicat et custodiat nos May the almighty and mer- Deo gratias. omnipotens Dominus, et Pater, misericors et Spiritus sanctus. et Filius, Holy Ghost, bless and pre- serve us. Amen. TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN Salve Regina, Mater mi- sericordize. Vita, dulcedo, et spes nostra, salve. Ad te clamamus, filii Evee. ciful Lord, Father, Son, and R R. Amen. ANTHEM R. Thanks be to Giod. exsules Ad te suspiramus, gemen- Hail, holy Queen, Mother of mercy. Qur life, our sweetuess, and our hope, all hail ! To thee we cry, poor ban- ished children of Eve ; To thee we send up our tes et flentes in hac lacry- sighs, mourning and weeping marum valle, Eia, ergo, advocata no- in this vale of tears. Turn, then, most gracious 5 56 TIME AFTER PENTECOST advocate! thine eyes of mercy towards us ; oculos ad nos converte ; benedictnm And, after this our exile, Jesum Et fructum ventris tui, nobis show unto us the blessed Fruit of thy womb, Jesus ; post hoc exsilium ostende; O clemens, 0O merciful, 0 kind, O pia, O sweet Virgin Mary ! O dulcis Virgo Maria. ¥. Pray for us, O holy V. Ora pro nobis, sancta Mother of God, Dei Genitrix. R. Ut digni efficiamur R. That we mnay be made worthy of the promises of promissionibus Christi. stra, illos tuos misericordes Christ. OREMUS Omnipotens, sempiterne Deus, qui gloriosw Virginis Matris Mariz corpus et animam, ut digonum Filii toi habitaculum effici mereretur, Spiritu sancto co-ope- rante, praparasti: da ut cujus commemoratione la- LET US PRAY O almighty and everlasting God, who, by the co-operation of the Holy Ghost, didst pre- garp the body and soul of Mary, glorious Virgin and Mother,to become the worthy morte perpetua liberemur. Per eumdem Christum Do- habitation of thy Son : grant that we may be delivered from present evils and from everlasting death, by her gracious intercession, in whose commemoration we rejoice. ¥. Divinum auxilium ma- Lord. R. Amen. W. May the divine assist- tamur, ejus pia intercessione ab instantibus malis et a minum nostrum. - B. Amen. neat semper nobiscum. R. Amen. Through the same Christ our ance remain always with us. R. Amen.* Then, in secret, Pater, Ave, and Credo. * In the monastic rite this response is as follows :— Ry. Et cum fratribus nostris absentibus. Amen. R. Aud with our brethren. Amen. ubscnt PROPER OF Avcust SAINT SAINTS 23 PHILIP BENIZI CONFESSOR Our Lady is now reigning in heaven. Iler triumph over death cost her no labour; and yet it was through suffering that she like Jesus entered into her glory We too_cannot attain eternal happiness otherwise than did the Son and the Mother. Let us keep in mind the sweet joys we have been tasting during the past week ; but let us rlot forget that our own journey to heaven is not yet completed. ¢ Why stand ye looking up into heaven ?’ said the angels to the disciples on Ascension day, in the name of the lord who had gone up in a cloud; for the disciples, who had for an instant beheld the threshold of heaven, could not resign themselves to turn their eyes once more down to this valley of esile. Mary, in her turn, sends us a message to-day from the bright land whither we are to fzfiow her, and where we shall surround her after having in the sorrows of exile merited to form her court: without distracting us from her, the apostle of her dolours, Philip Benizi, reminds us of our true condition of strangers and pilgrims upon earth. (67) 68 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Combats without, fears within:! such for the most part was Philip’s life, as it was also the history of his native ity of Florence; of Italy too, and indeed of the whole Christian world, in the thirteenth century. At the time of his birth, the city of flowers seemed a new Eden for the blossoms of sanctity that flourished there ; nevertheless it was a prey to bloody factions, to the assaults of heresy, and to the extremity of every misery. Never is hell so near us as when heaven manifests itself with greatest intensity; this was clearly seen in that age, when the serpent’s head came in closest contact with the heel of the woman. The old enemy, by creating new sects, had shaken the faith in the very centre of tho provinces surrounding the eternal city. While in the east, Islam was driving back the last crusaders, in the west the %;pwy was struggling with the empire, which ederick IT had made as a fief of satan. Throughout Christendom social union was undone, faith had wn weak, and love cold; but the old enemy was soon to discover the power of the reaction heaven was preparing for the relief of the aged world. Then it was that our Lady presented to her angered Son Dominic and Francis, that, by uniting science with self-abnegation, they might counterbn%nncs the ignorance and luxury of the world ; then, too, Philip Benizi, the Servite of the Mother of God, received from her the mission of preaching through Italy, France, and Germany, whereby she became man race. the unspeakable sufferings the co-redemptress of the hu- Philippus ex nobili Benitiorum familia Florentie Philip was born at Florence of the noble family of the Be- natus, future sanctitatis nizi, and from his very cradle jam inde ab incunabulis in- gave signs of his future sanc12 Cor. vii. 5. SAINT PHILIP dicium prabuit. Vix enim quintum statis mensem ingressus, linguam in voces mirifice solvit, hortatusque fuit matrem, ut Deipar sorvis eleemosynam impertiret. Adolescens, dum Parisiis litterarum studia cum pistatis ardore conjungerot, plurimos ad calestis p inflamin desiderium Reversus in patriam, et singulari visiono a beatissimi Virgine in Servorum suorum familiam nuper institutam vocatus, in Senarii montis antrum concessit, ubi asperam quidem jugi corporis custigatione, sed Christi Domini cruciatuum meditatione suavem vitam duxit: indeque per universam pene Europam, magnamque Asiw partem, quam evangelicis s onibusodapraedicatiobivit, litia septem doloram Dei Matris instituit, suumque ordinem eximio virtutum exemplo propagavit. Divinw caritatis ot catholicee fidei dilatandwe ardore 59 BENIZI tity. When he was scarcely five months old he received the power of speech by a miracle, and exhorted his- mother to bestow an alms on the servants of the Mother of God. As a youth, he pursued his studies at Paris, where he was remarkable for his ardent piety, and cnkindled in many hearts a longing for our heavAfter his enly fatherland. return home he had a wonderful vision in which he was called by the blessed Virgin to join the newly-founded Or- der of the Servites. He therefore retired into a cave on Mount Senario, and there led an austere and penetential life, sweetened by meditation on the sufferings of our Lord. Afterwards he travelled over en dolours of the nearly all Europe and great part of Asia, preaching the Gospel and instituting everywhere the sodality of the sovMother of God, while he propagated his Order by the wonderful ample of his virtues. ex- He was consumed with love of (tod and zeal for the propa- vehementer accensus, sui Ordinis generalis reluctans atque invitus renuntiatus, fratres ad predicandum spite of his refusals and resistance he was chosen general of thiam misit; ipse vero plu- in Christi Evangelium in Scy- rimas Italix urbes concur- sans, gliscentes in eis civium discordins composuit; mul- gation of the Catholic faith. In his Order. He sent some of his brethren to preach the Gospel Scythia, while he himself journeyed from city to city of Ttaly repressing civil dissensions, and recalling many to 60 TIME AFTER tasque ad Romani Pontificis obedientiam revocavit; ni: 50 hilque de studio lutis omittens, perditissimos cano homines ¢ vitiorum ad panitentiam qc Josu Christi amorem perdusit. Oratione summopere addii ctus, swpe in e visus est. Virgini ro adeo coluit, utid extremum usque spiritum voluntariis_ac durissimis suppliciis illibatam custodicrit. Effforuit in ¢ jugiter singularis erga pauperes misericordia, sed pracipne cum apud Camilianum agri Senensis vicum leproso nudo eleemosynam petonti propriam, qua indutus erat, vestem fuit clargitus: qua ille contectus, statim a lepra mondatus est. Cujus miraculi cum longe lateque fama manasset, nonnulli ex Cardinalibus, qui Viterbium, Clemente quarto vita functo, pro successore deligendo convenerant, in Philippum, cujus calestem etiam prudentiam _perspectam habebant, intenderunt. Quo comperto vir Dei, ne forte pastoralis regiminis _onus subire cogeretur, apud Tunintum montem tamdiu delituit, donec Gregorius decimas Pontifex Maximus fuerit renuntiatus: ubi balneis, qu etiam hodie sancti Philippi vocantur, virtutem PENTECOST the obedience of the Roman Pontiff. His nnremitting zeal for the salvation of souls won the most. ndoned sinners from the depths of vice to a life of penance and to the true love of Jesus Christ. e was very much given to prayer and was often seen rapt in cestasy. He loved and honoured holy virginity, and preserved it nnspotted to the end of his life by means of the greatest voluntary austerities. He was ramarkable for his love and pity for the poor. O one occasion when a poor leper begged an alms of him, at Camegliano a village near Siena, he garment, gave which had no sooner leprosy was fame of this spread far and him his own the beggar put on than his cleansed. The miracle having wide, some of the Cardinals who were assembled at Viterbo for the election of a successor to Cle- ment IV, then lately dead, thought of choosing Philip, as they were aware of his heavenly prudence. On learning this, the man of God, fearing lest he should be forced to take upon himself the pastoral office hid himself at Montamiata_until after the election of Pope Gregory X. By his prayers he obtained for the baths of that place, which still bear his name, the virtue of healing the sick. At length, SAINT PHILIP sanandi morbos suis precibus_impetravit. Denique Tuderti, anno millesimo ducentetinio octogesimo quinto in Christi Dowmini e cruce pendentis amplexu, quem librum, appellalat suum sanctissime ox hac vita migravit. Ad ejus tumulun caci visum, claudi gressam, mortui vitum receperuut. Quibus aliisque plurimis fulgentem signis Clemens decimus Pontifex Maximus sanctorum numero adscripsit. BENIZI 61 in the year 1285, he died a “most ho ¢ death ut “Todi, while in the act of Kissing the image of his_crucified Lord, which hie used to call his book. The blind and e were healed at his towb, wnd the dead were brought back to life. His nawe having become illustrious by these and many other wiracles, Pope Clement X. enrolled him among the saints. “Philip, draw near, and join thyself to this chariot.’ When the world was smiling on thy youth and offering thee renown and pleasures, thou didst receive this invitation from Mary. She was seated in a golden chariot which signified the religious life; a mourning mantle wrapped her round; a dove was fluttering about her head; a lion and a lamb were drawing her chariot over precipices from whose depths were heard the groans of hell. It was a prophetic vision: thou wast to traverse the earth accompanied by the Mother of sorrows; and this world, which hell had already everywhere undermiuned, was to have no dangers for thee; for gentleness and strength were to be thy guides, and simplicity thy inspirer. Blessed are the meek, for they shall possess the land.? But this gentle virtue was to avail thee chiefl against heaven itsclf; heaven, which wrestles with the mighty, and which had in store for thee the terrible trial of an utter abandonment, such as had made oven the God-Mau tremble. After years of prayer and labour and heroie devotedness, for thy reward thou wast apparently rejected by God and disowned 1Aty viii. 29, 28t Matth. v. 4 62 TIME AFTER PENTECOST by the Church, while imminent ruin threatened all those whom Mary had confided to thee. In spite of her promises, the existence of thy sons the Servites was assailed by no less an authority than that of two eneral Councils, whose resolutions the viear of Christ ad determined to confirm. Our Lady gave thee to drink of the ohalice of her sufferings. Thou didst not live to see the triumph of a cause which was hers as well as thine; but as the ancient patriarchs saluted from afar the accomplishment of the promises, 80 death could not shake thy calm and resigned confidence. Thou didst leave thy daughter Juliana Falconieri to obtain by her prayers before the face of the Lord, what thou couldst not gain from the powers of this world. The highest power on earth was once all but laid at thy feet; the Church, remembering the humility wherewith thou didst flee from the tiara, begs thee to obtain for us that we may despise the prosperity of the world and seek heavenly goods alone;! deign to hear her prayer. But the faithful have not forgotten that thou wert a physician of the body before becoming a healer of souls; they have great confidence in the water and bread blessed by thy sons on this feast, in memory of the miraculous favours grant- ed to their father: graciously regard the faith of the geogle, and reward the special honour paid to thee y Christian physicians. Now that the mysterious ohariot, shown thee at the beginning, has become the triumphal car whereon thou accompaniest our Lady in her entrance into heaven, teach us so to condole, like thee, with her sorrows, that we may deserve be partakers with thee in her eternal glory. 1 Collect of the day. to Avcust SAINT 24 BARTHOLOMEW APOSTLE A witness of the Son of God, one of the princes who announced His glory to the nations, lights up this day with his apostolic flame. While his breth- ren of the sacred college followed the human race into all the lands whither the migration of nations had led it, Bartholomew appeared as the herald of the Lord at the very starting point, the mountains of Armenia, whence the sons of Noe spread over the earth. There had the figurative Ark rested; humanity, everywhere else a wanderer, was there seated in stillness, remembering the dove with its olive branch, and awaiting the consummation of the alliance signified by the rainbow which had there for the first time glittered in the clouds. Behold, blessed tidings awake in those valleys the echoes of ancient traditions: tidings of peace, making the universal deluge of sin subside before the Wood of salvation. The serenity announced by the dove of old, was now far outdone. Love was to take the place of punishment. The ambassador of heaven showed God to the sons of Adam, as the most beautiful of their own brethren. The noble heights whence formerly flowed the rivers of paradise, were about to see the renewal of the covenant annulled in Eden, and the celebration, amid the joy of heaven and earth, of the divine nuptials so long expected, the union of the Word with regenerated humanity. (63) 64 TIME AFTER Personally, what was borrowed such solemnity Under tolic labours? Bartholomew,' the only PENTECOST this apostle whose ministry from the scene of his aposthe name or surname of mark of recognition given him by the first three Gospels, are we to see, as many have thought, that Nathaniel, whose presentation to Jesus by Philip forms so sweet a scene in St. John’s Goospel ?? A man full of uprightness, innocence, and simplicity, who was worthy to have had the dove for his precursor, and for whom the Man-God had choice graces and caresses from the very beginning. Be this as it may, the lot which fell to our saint among the twelve, points to the special confidence of the divine Heurt; the heroism of the terrible martyr- dom which sealed his apostolate reveals his fidelity ; the dignity preserved by the nation he grafted on Christ, in all the countries where it has been transplanted, witnesses to the excellence of the sap first infused into its branches. When, two centuries and a half later, Gregory the Illuminator so successfully cultivated the soil of Armenie, he did but quicken the seed sown by the apostle, which the trials never wanting to that generous land had retarded for a time, but could not stifle. How strangely sad, that evil men, nurtured in the turmoil of endless invasions, should have been able to rouse and perpetuate a mistrust of Rome among a race whom wars and tortures and dispersion could not tear from the love of Christ our Saviour! Yet, thanks be to God! the movement towards return, more than once begun and then abandoued, seems now to be steadily advancing ; the chosen sons of this illustrious nation are labouring perseveringly for so desirable 2 union, by dispelling the prejudices of her people; by revealing to our lauds the treasures of 1 Sun of Tholwad. * St. John i, 45-51. SAINT BARTHOLOMEW 65 her literature so truly Christian, and the magnificences of her liturgy ; and above all by praying and devoting themselves to the monastic state under the standard of the father of western monks.! Together with these holders of the true national tradition, let us pray to Bartholomew their apostle ; to the disciple Thaddeus? who also shared in the first evangelization; to Ripsima the heroic virgin, who from the Romen territory led her thirty-five companions to the conquest of a new land ; and to all the martyrs whose blood cemented the building upon the only foundation set by our Lord. Like these great forerunners, may the leader of the second apostolate, Gregory the Illuminator, who wished to * see Peter’ in the person of St. Sylvester and receive the blessing of the Roman Pontiff, may the holy kings the patriarchs and doetors of Armenia, become once more her chosen guides, and lead her back entirely and irrevoeally to the one fold of the one Shepherd ! ‘We learn from Kusebius® and from St. Jerome,* that before going to Armenia, his final destination, St. Bartholomew evaugelized the Indies, where Pan- tenus a century later found a copy of St. Matthew’s Gospel in Hebrew characters, left there by him. St. Denis records a profound saying of the glorious apostle, which he thus quotes and comments: ‘ The blessed Bartholomew says of theology, that it is at once abundant and succinet ; of the Gospel, that it is vast in extent and at the same time concise ; thus excellently giving us to understand that the beneficent Cause of all beings reveals or manifests Himself by many words or by few, or even without any words at all, as being beyond and above all language or thought. For Ile is above all by Ilis superior essence; + Mekbitarists, Armenian monks of St. Benedict. 2 Que of the seven 3 Hist. Kedl. Lib. v.c.1. 4 De Seript. Lecl. c. xxxvie 66 TIME AFTER PRNTECOST and they alone reach Him in His truth, without the veils wherewith He surrounds Himself, who, passing beyond matter and spirit, and rising above the summit of the holiest heights, leave behind them all reflexions and echoes of God, all the language of heaven, enter to into the darkness wherein He dwelleth, as the Seripture says, who is above all.’! The city of Rome celebrates the feast of St. Bar- tholomew ~to-morrow, Churches, both as do also the Greeks who commemorate on_August 25 a translation of the apostle’s relics. It is owing, in fact, to the various translations of his holy body and to the difficulty of ascertaining the date of his martyrdom that different days have been adopted for his feast by different in the east and in the west. The twenty-fourth of this month, consecrated by the use of most of the Latin Churches, is the day assigned in the most St. Jerome. ancient martyrologies, including that of In the thirteenth century Innocent IT1, having been consulted as to the divergence, answered that local custom was to be observed.? The Church gives us the following notice of the apostle of Armenia. Bartholomrus_apostolus, Galileus, com in Indiam citeriorem, qure ei in orbis terrarum sortitione ad_pracdicandum Josu Christi Evangolium obvenerat, progressus esset, adventum Domini Jesu juxta sancti Matthwmi Evangelium illis gentibus prdicavit. Sed cum in ea provincia plurimos ad Je- The apostle Bartholomew was a native of Galileo. It fell to his lot to preach the Gospel in hither India; and he announced to those nations the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the Gospel of St. Matthew. But after converting many souls to Jesus Christ in that province and undergoing much labour and 1 Dion. De mystica theolog. . xvi, c. 2 Decrotal. Lib. 67 SAINT BARTHOLOMEW sum Christum convertisset, suffering, he went into eastern multos labores calamitates- Armenia. que perpessus, venit in mujorem Armeniam. Here he converted to the Ibi Polymium regem et conjugem ejus, ac prieterea duodecim civitates ad Christianam fidem perduxit. Qua invidires in eum magnam am concitavit illius gentis Nam usque sacerdotum. adeo Astyagem Polymii regis frabrem in_apostolum incendcrunt, ut is vivo Bartholomo pellem crudeliter detrahi jusserit, ac caput abscindi:_quo in_martyrio animam Deo reddidit. Ejus corpus Albani, que est urbs majoris Armenia, ubi is passus fuerat, sepultum est: quod postea ad Liparam insulam delatum, inde Beneventum translatum est: postremo Romam ab Othone tertio imperatore portatum, in Tiberis insula, in ecclesia ejus nomine Deo dicata, collocatum fuit. Agitur autem Romu:_dies festus octavo Kalendas Septembris, et por octo_consequentes dies illa basilica magna populi frequentia celebratur. Christian faith the king PoIymius and his queen and twelvo cities. This caused the pagan priests of that nation to be excoedingly jealous of him, and they stirred up Astyages the brother of king Polymius against the apostle, 50 that hie commanded him to bo flayed alive and finally beheaded. 1In this cruel martyrdom he gave up his soul to God. s body was buried at Albanapolis, the town of enstern Armenia where he was martyr- ed; but it was afterwards taken Iispari, to the island of and thence tol3eneventum. Finally it was translated ‘o Rome by the emperor Otho 11T and placed on the island of the Tiber in a church dedicated to God under his invocation. His feast is kept at Rome on the eighth of the Kalends of September, and during the eight following days that basilica is much fre- quonted by the faithful. On this day of thy feast, O holy apostle, the Church prays for grace to love what thou didst believe and to preach what thou didst teach.! Not that the bride of the Son of God could over fail either in faith or in love; but she knows only too well that, 1 Collect of the day. 68 TIME AFTER PENTECOST though her Head is ever iu the light, and her heart ever united to the Spouse in the holy Spirit who sanctifies her, nevertheless her several members, the particular churches of which she is composed, may detach themselves from their centre of life and wander away in darkness. O thou who didst choose our west as the place of thy rest; thou whose precious relios Rome glories in possessing, bring back to Peter the nations thou didst evangelize; fulfil the now reviving hopes of universal uuion; second the efforts made by the vicar of the Man-God to gather again under the shepherd’s crook those scattered flocks whose pastures have become parched by schism. May thine own Armenia be the first to complete a return which she began long ago; may she trust the mother-Church and no more follow the sowers of discord. All being reunited, may we together enjoy the treasures of our concordant traditions, and go to God, even at the cost of being despoiled of all things, by the course so grand and yet so simple taught us by thy example and by thy sublime theology. Avgust 25 OF FRANCE ST. LOUIS, KING CONFESSOR It was his Christian faith that made Louis IX so at & prince. ‘ You earth, think of the Lord that are the judges of the in goodness, and seek Him in simplicity of heart.”! Eternal Wisdom, this precept to kings, rejoiced with divine ledge among the lilies of France, where saint was to shino with so bright a lustre. Subject and prince are bound to God by in giving foreknowthis great & common law, for all men have one entrance into life, and the like going out.? Far from being less responsible to the divine authority than his subjects, the prince is answerable for every one of them as well as for himself. The aim and object of creation is that God be glorified by the return of all creatures to their Author, in the manner and measure that He wills. Therefore, since God has called man to a participation in His own divine life, and has made the earth to be to him but a place of passage, mere natural justice and the present order of things are not sufficient for him. Kings must recognize that the object of their civil sovereignty, not being the last end of all things, is, like themselves, under the direction and absolute rule of that higher end, before which they are but as sub- jects. Hear therefore, ye kings, and understand: a greater punishment is ready for the more mighty. 1Wisd. i 1. 2Jbid. vii. (69) 6. 3 [bid. vi. 29, TIME AFTER PENTECOST 70 Thus did the divine goodness give merciful warnings under the ancient Covenant. But_not satisfied with giving repeated admonitions, Wisdom came down from Eer heavenly throne. Henceforth the world belongs to her by a twofold title. By the right of her divine origin, she held the principality in the brightness of the saints, before the rising of the day star; she now reigns by right of conquest over the redeemed world. Before her coming in the flech, it was already from her that kings received their its exercise. power, and that equity which Jesus, the Son of directs Man, whose Blood paid the ransom of the werld, is now, by the contract of the sacred nuptials which united Him to our nature, the only source of power and of all true justice. And now, once more, O ye kings, understand: says the psalmist; receive instruction, you that judge the earth.! It is Christ who speaks:’ says St. Augustine. ¢Now that I am king in the name of God My Father, be not sad, as though you were thereby deprived of some good you possessed ; but rather acknowledging that it is good for you to be subject to Him who gives you socurity in the light, serve this Lord of all with fear, and rejoice unto Him.’? It is the Church that continues, in the name of our ascended Lord, to give to kings this security which comes from the light: the Church who, without tres- passing upon the authority of princes, is nevertheless their superior as mother of nations, as judge of consciences, as the only guide of the human race journeying towards its last end. Let us listen to the sovereign Pontiff Leo XIII, speaking with the precision and power which characterize his infallible teaching: ¢ As there are on earth two great societies: 1 Psalm ii, 10. *S. Aug. Enarrat. in Ps. ii. BAINT LOUIS 71 the one oivil, whose immediate end is to prooure the temporal and earthly well-being of the human race; the other religious, ‘whose aim is to lead men to the eternal happiness for which they were created: so government of the world also God has divided the between two powers. Each of these is supreme in its kind ; each is bounded by definite limits drawn in conformity with its nature and its peculiar end. Jesus Christ, the founder of the Church, willed that they should be distinct from one another, and that both should be free from trammels in the accomplishment of their respective missions; yet with this provision, that in those matters which appertain to the jurisdiction and judgment of both, though on different grounds, the power which is concerned with temporal interests, must depend, as is fitting, on that wer which watches over eternal interests. Finally, ggth being subject to the eternal and to the natural Law, they must in such a manner mutuslly agree in what concerns the order and government of each, as to form a relationship comparsble to the union of soul and body in man.’ In the sphere of eternal interests, to which no one may be indifferent, princes are bound to hold not only themselves but their people also in subjection to God and to His Church. For ‘since men united by the bonds of a common society depend on God no less than individuals, associations whether political or private cannot, without crime, behave as if God did not exist, nor put away religion as something foreign to them, nor dispense themselves from observing, in that religion, the rules according to which God has declared that He wills to be honoured. Consequently, the heads of the State are bound, as such, to keep holy the name of God, make it one of of their principal duties to protect religion by the authority of the laws, and not command or ordain 6 72 TIME AFTER PENTECOST anything contrary to its integrity.’! t us now return to St. Augustine’s explanation of the text of thé Psalm: ¢ How do kings serve the Lord with fear, except by forbidding and punishing with a religious severity all acts contrary to the commands of the Lord? In his twofold character as man and as prince, the king must serve God: as man, he serves Him by the fidelity of his life; as king, by framing or maintaining laws which command good and forbid evil. He must act like Ezechias and Josias, destroying the temples of the false gods and the high places that had been constructed contrary to the command of the Lord ; like the king of Ninive obliging his city to appease the Lord; like Darius giving up the idol to Danicl to be broken, and casting Daniel’s enemies to the lions; like Nabu- chodonosor forbidding blasphemy throughout his kingdom by a terrible law. It is thus that kings serve the Lord as kings, vizz wheu thoy do in His service those things which ouly kings can do.’? In all this teaching we are not losing sight of to-day’s feast; for we may say of Louis IX as an epitome of his life: “ He made & covenant befure the rd to walk after Him and keep His commandments; and cause them to be kept by all.”* God was his end, faith was his guide: herein lies the whole secret of his government as well as of his sanctity. As a Christian he was a servant of Christ, as a prince he was Christ’s lientenant; the aspirations of the Christian and those of the prince did not divide his ‘soul ; this unity was his strength, as it is now his glory. He now reigns in heaven with Christ, who 1 ¢f. Epist. Encye ad Episcopos Gallice, Nohitissima Gallorum gens, 8 IFebr. 1884 Encycl, Zmnortule Dei, de i civitatum constitutione Christiana, 1 incycl. dreanun divin sapientic, de matrimonio Christiang, 10 Feb. 1880. * Aug. ad Bonifac, Ep. 185. 32 Paralip. xxxiv. 31-33. SAINT LOUIS 73 alone reigned in him and by him on earth. If then your delight be in thrones and sceptres, O ye kings of the people, love wisdom, that you may reign for ever.! Louis was anointed king at Rheims on the first Sunday of Advent 1226; and he laid to heart for his whole Jife the words of that day’s Introit: ‘ To Thee, O Lord, have I lifted up my soul: in Thee, O my God, I put my trust!” He was only twelve years old ; but our Lord had given him the surest safeguard of his youth, in the person of his mother, that noble daugh- ter of Spain, whose coming into France, says William de Nangis, was the arrival of all good things? The premature death of her busband Louis VIII left Blanche of Castille to cope with a most formidable conspiracy. The great vassals, whose power had been reduced during the preceding reigns, promised themselves that they would profit of the minority of the new prince, in order to regain the rights they had enjoyed under the ancient feudal system to the detriment of the unity of government. In order to remove this mother, who stood up single-handed between the weakness of the heir to the throne and their ambition, the barons, everywhere in revolt, joined hands with the Albigensian heretics ; and made an allianco with the son of John Lackland, Henry III, whe ‘was endeavouring to recover the possessions in France lost by his father in punishment for the murder of prince Arthur. Strong in her son’s right and in the protection of Pope Gregory IX, Blanche held out: and she, whom the traitors to their country called the foreigner in order to palliate their crime, saved France by her prudence and her brave firmness. After nine years of regency, she hauded over the nation to its king, more united and more powerful than ever since the days «f Charlemagas, TWisd. vi. 22, * Gesta S, Ludoeses, 74 TIME AFTER PENTECOST ‘We cannot here give the history of an entire reign ; but, honour to whom honour is due: Louis, in order to become the glory of heaven and éarth on this day, had but to walk in the footsteps of Blanche, the son had but to remember the precepts of his ™ eTe was & ful simplicity simpli in our saint’s’s 1life, ‘which enlunoem? grestness and heroism. One would have said he did not experience the difficulty that others feel, though far removed from the throne, in fulfilling those words of our Lord: Unless you become as little children, you shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.! Yet who was greater than this humble king, making more account of his Baptism at Poissy than of his anointing at Rheims; saying his Hours, fasting, scourging himself like his friends the Friars Preachers and Minors ; ever treating with respeot those whom he regarded as God’s privileged ones, priests, religious, the suffering and the poor? The great men of our days may smile at him for being more grieved at losing his breviary than at being taken captive by the Saracens. But how have they behaved in the like extremity ? Never was the enemy heard to say of any of them: ‘ You are our captive, and one would say we were rather your prisoners.” They did not check the fierce greed and bloodthirstiness of their gaolers, nor dictate terms of g‘esoe as proudly as if they had been the conquerors, he country, brought into peril by them, has not come out of the trial more glorious. It is peculiar to the admirable reign of St. Louis, that disasters made him not only a hero but a saint; and that France gained for centuriesin the east, where her king had been captive, a greater renown than any viotory oould have won for her. ! Matt. zviil. 3. SAINT LOUIS 75 The humility of holy kings is not forgetfulness of the great office they fulfil in God’s namo; their abnegation could not consist in giving up rights which are also duties, any more than oharity could cast out justice, or love of peace could oppose the virtues of the warrior. St. Louis, without an army, felt him- self superior as a Christian to the victorious infidel, and treated him accordingly; moreover the west discovered very early, and more and more as his sanctity increased with his years, that this king, who spent his nights in prayer, and his days in serving the poor, was not the man to yield to anyone the prerogatives of the crown. ‘There is but one king in France, said the judge of Vincennes rescinding a sentence of Charles of Anjou; and the barons at the castle of Belléme, and the English at Taillebourg, were already aware of it ; so was Frederick II who, threatening to crush the Church and seeking aid from the French, received this answer: ‘ The kingdom of TFrance is not so weak as to suffer itself to be driven by your spurs.’ Louie’s death was like his life, simple and great. God called him to Himself in the midst of sorrowful and ecritical circumstances, far from his own country, in that African land where he had before suffered so much ; these trials were sanctifying thorns, reminding the prince of his most cherished jewel, the sacred crown of thorns which he had added to the treasures of France. Moved by the hope of converting the king of Tunis to the Christian faith, it was rather as an apostle than a soldier that he had landed on that shore where his last struggle awaited him. ‘I chal- lenge you in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of His lieutenant Louis king of France;’ such was the sublime provocation hurled against the infidel city, and it was worthy of the close of such a Life. 76 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Bix centuries later, Tunis was to see the sons of those same Franks unwittingly following up the challen of the saintly king, at the invitation of all the holy ones resting in the now Christien land of ancient Carthage. The Christian army, victorious i: every battle, was decimated by a terrible plague. Surrounded by the dead and dying, and himself attacked with the contagion, Louis called to him his eldest son, who was to succeed him as Philip 111, and gave him his last instructions: ¢ Dear son, the first thing I admonish thee is that thou set thy heart to love God, for without that nothing else is of any worth. Beware of doing what displeases God, that is to say mortal sin; yea rather oughtest thou to suffer all manner of torments. If God send thee adversity, receive it in patience, and ive thanks for it to our Lord, and think that thou ast done Him ill service. If He give thee prosperity, thank Him humbly for the same and be not the worse, either by Erids or in any other manner, for that very thing that ought to make thee better; for we must not use God’s gifts against Himself. Have a kind and pitiful heart towards the poor and the unfortunate, and comfort and assist them as much as thou canst. Keep up the good customs of thy king- dom, and put down all bad ones. Love all that is good. and hate all that is evil of any sort. Suffer no ill word about God or our Lady or the saints to be spoken in thy presence, that thou dost not straightway punish. In the admivistering of justice be loyal to thy subjects, without turning aside to the right hand or to the left; but help the right, and take the part of the poor until the whole truth be cleared up. Honour and love all ecclesiastical persons, and take care that they be not deprived of the gifts and alms that thy Dear son, I apredocessors way have giveu them. SAINT LOUIS ” monish thee that thou be ever devoted to the Church of Rome, and to the sovereign Bishop our father, that is the Pope, and that thou bear him reverence and honour as thou oughtest to do to thy spiritual father. Exert thyself that every vile sin be abolished from thy land; especially to the best of thy power ut down all wicked oaths and heresy. Fair son, give thee all the blessings that a good father can give to a son; may the blessed Trinity and all the saints guard thee and protect thee from all evils; may God give thee grace to do His will always, and may He be honoured by thee, and may thou and I after this mortal life be together in His company and praise Him without end.”! ¢ When the good king,” continues Joinville, had instructed his son my lord Philip, his illness began to increase greatly; he asked for the Sacraments of holy Church, and received them in & sound mind and right understanding, as was quite evident; for when they were anointing him and saying the seven Psalms, he took his own part in reciting. I have heard my lord the Count d’Alengon his son relate, that when he drew nigh to death, he called the saints to aid and succour him, and in partioular my lord St. James, saying his prayer which begins: Esto Domine ; that is to say: O God, be the sanctifier and guardian of thy people. Then he called to his aid my lord St. Denis of France, saying his prayer, which is as much as to say: Sire God, grant that we may despise the prosperity of this world, and may fear no adversity! And I heard from my lord d’Alengon (whom God absolve), that his father next invoked Madame St. Genevieve. ~After this the holy king had bimself laid on a bed strewn with ashes, and placing his hands upon his breast and looking * Geoffroy do Beaulieu ; Queen Margaret's Confessor ; William de Nangis ; Joinville. 78 TIME AFTER PENTECOST towards heaven, he i&vs up his soul to his Creator, at the same hour w] erein the Son of God died on the cross for the salvation of the world.” Let us read the short notice consecrated by the Church to her valiant eldest son. Louis IX, king of France, Ludovicus nonus Galliz rex, duodecim annos natus, having lost his father when patre amisso, et in Blanche he was only twelve years old, matris sanctissima_discipli- was educated in a most holy na educatus, cum jam vige- manner by his mother Blanche. simuwn annum in regno ageret, in morbum incidit: quo tempore cogitavit de recuperanda possessione JJerosoIymorum. Quamobrem ubi convaluisset, vexillum ab episcopo Parisiensi accepit: deinde mare cum ingenti exercitu _trajiciens, primo preelio Saracenos fugavit. Sed cum ex pestilentia magna militum multitado perilsset, victus ipse captusque est. Rebus postea cum Saracenis compositis, liber rex dimittitur. exercitusque Quinquo annis in Oriente commoratus, plurimos christianos a barbarorum servitute redemit, multos etiam infideles ad Christi fidem convertit; practerea aliquot christianorum nrbes refecit suis sumptibus. Tuterim mater ejus migrat e vita: quare domum redire cogitur, ubi totum se dedit pietatis officiis. Multa wdificavit monasteria, et pauperum hospitia: When he had reigned for twenty years he fell ill und it was then he conceived the idea of reguining possession of Jerusalem. On his recovery therefore he received the great standard_from the bishop of Paris and crossed the sea with a large army. 1In a first engagement he repulsed the Saracens; but a great number of his men being struck down by pestilence, he was conquered and made prisoner. A treaty was then made with the Saracens, and the king and_his army were set at liberty. Louis spent five yoars in the east. He delivered many Christian captives, con- verted many of the infidels to the faith of Christ, and also rebuilt several Christian towns out of his own resources. Meanwhile his mother died, and on this account he was obliged to return home, where lie devoted himself entirely to good works. He built many monasteries and hospitals for the poor: he SAINT LOUIS beneficentia egentes sublevabat: frequens visebat sgrotos, quibus ipse non solum suis sumptibus omnia. suppeditabat, sed etiam, que opus erant, manibus Vestitu vulministrabat. gari utebatur, cilicio ac jeJunio corpus assidue affligebat. Sed cum iterum transmisisset, bellum Saracenis illaturus, jamque castra in eorum conspectu posuisset, pestilentia decessit in illa oratione: Introibo in domum tuam; adorabo ad templum sanctum tuum, et confitebor nomini tuo. Ejus corpus postea Lutetiam Parisiorum translatum _est, quod in celebri sancti Dionysii templo asservatur et colitur : caput vero in sacra wde sancte Capellie. Tpse clarus miraculis a Bonifacio Papa octavo in swctorum numerum est relatus. 9 assisted those in need and frequently visited the sick, sup- plying all their necessities at his own expense and even serving them with his own hands. He dressed in simple manner and subdued his body by continual fasting and wearing a hair-cloth. He crossed over to Africa a second time to fight with the Saracens, and had pitched his camp in sight of them when he was struck down by a pestilence and died while saying this prayer: ‘I will come into thy house; I will worship towards thy holy templo and T will confess to thy name’ His body was afterwards translated to Paris and is honourably preserved in the celebrated church of St. Denis; but the head is in the Suinte-Chapelle. He was celebrated for miracles, and Pope Boniface VIII enrolled his name among the saints. Jerusalem, the true Sion, at length opens her gates to thee, O Louis, who for her sake didst give up thy treasures and thy life. Irom the eternal throne whereon the Son of God gives thee to share His own_honours and power, ever promote the kingdom of God on earth; be zealous for the faith; be a strong arm to our mother the Church. Thanks to thee, the infidel east, though it adores not Christ, at least respects His adorers, having but one name for Christian and Frank. For this reason our present rulers would remain protectors of Christianity in those lands, while they persecute it at home; a contradiction no less fatal to the country than op- TIME AFTER PENTECOST 80 osed to its traditions of liberty, and its reputation ?or honour and honesty. How can they be said to know our traditions and our history, or to understand the national interests, who misunderstand the God of Clovis, of Charlemagne, and of St. Louis? In that Egypt, the scene of thy labours, what has now become of the patrimony of glorious influence which has been held by thy nation for centuries? Thy descendants are no longer here to defend us against these men who use the country for their own purposes and exile those who have been the makers of it. But how terrible are the judgments of the Lord! Thou thyself hast said: ‘I would rather a stranger than my own son should rule my %eople Thirty and kingdom, if my son is to rule amiss.’* ears after the Crusade of Tunis, an unworthy prince, hilip IV thy second successor, outraged the Vicar of Christ. Straightway he was rejected by heaven, and his direct male line became extinct. The withered bough was replaced by another branch, though still from the same root. But the nation had to suffer for its kings, and to exgiate the crime of Anagni : the judgment of God allowed a terrible war to be brought about through the political indiscretion of the same Philip the Fair,?a prince as discreditable to the State as to the Church and to his own family. Then for a hundred years the country seemed to ge on the brink of destruction; until by gtoteotion of God over the land, the a wonderful Maid of Orleans, lessed Joan of Aro, rescued the lily of France from the clutches of the English leopard. Other faults alas ! were to compromise still further, and then, twice over, to wither up or break the 2 By manying bis daughter Isabella to 1 Joinville, part 1. Edward 1T of England ; which marriuge after the death of Philip's three sons Louis X, P'bilip V, and Charles IX, without male issue, furnished the plea for Isabella’s son Edward 111 to pretend to the crowa of France. SAINT LOUIS 81 branches of the royal tree. Long did thy personal merits outweigh before God the scandalous immorality, which our princes had made their family mark, their odious privilege: a shame, which was transmitted by the expiring Valois to the Bourbons; which had to be expiated, but not effaced, by the blood of the just Louis XVI; and which so many illustrious exiles are still expiating in lowliness and sorrow in a foreign land. ould that thou couldst at least recognize these thy remaining sons by their imitation of thy virtues! For it is only by striving to win back this spiritual inheritance, that they can hope that God will one day restore them the other. ‘or God, who commands us to obey at all times the power actuaiiy established, is ever the master of nations and the unchangeable disposer of their changeable destinies. Then every one of thy des- cendants, taught by a sad experience, will be bound to remember, O I{onis, thy last recommendation: ¢ Exert thyself that every vile sin be abolished from thy land ; especially, to the best of thy power, put down all wicked oaths and heresy.’ TIME AFTER PENTECOST 82 Avcust 26 SAINT POPE ZEPHYRINUS AND MARTYR Zepuyrinus was the first Pontiff to be buried in the celebrated crypt where the Popes of the third century came after their combat to sleep their last sleep. The catacomb which thus succceded the Vatican cemetery in the honour of sheltering the vicars of Christ, had been opened thirty years before by the virgin martyr Cemcilia. As, when at the point of death, she had consecrated her palace into a church, 80 now from her tomb she caused her family burial- place to pass into the hands of the Church. This ift of the Crecilii was the inauguration, in the very ace of the pagan government, of common Church property officially recognized by the State. Zephyrinus entrusted the admiinistration of the new cemetery to the person who ranked next to himself in the Roman Church, viz: the archdeacon Callixtus. The holy Pontiff witnessed the growth of heresy concerning the Unity of God and the Trinity of the divine Persons; without the help of the special vocabulary, which was later on to fix even the very terms of theological teaching, he knew how to silence both the Sabellians to whom the Trinity was but a name, and the precursors of Arius, who revenged themselves by reviling him.! Zephyrinus Romanus Severo imperatore ad regen- Zephyrinus. a Roman by birth, was chosen to govern the 1 Philosophumenr, Lib, ix. SAINT 83 ZEPHYRINUE dam_Ecclesiam _sssupptus, sancivit, ut qui ordinendi essent, opportuno tempore et multis prmsentibus clericis et laicis, de more sacris initiarentur; doctique c spectatm vite homines ad id officii munus_deligerentur. Decrevit prasteres, ut rem divinam facienti ~episcopo sacerdotes omnes astarent. Tdem instituit ut patriarcha, primas, metropolitanus adversus episcopum non ferant sententiam, nisi_apostolica auctoritate fulti. Vixit in pontificatu annos decom et octo, dies decem et octo. Habuit ordinationes quatuor mense decembri, quibus creavit prosbyteros tredecim, diaconos soptem, episcopos per diversa loca tredecim. Antonino imperatore martyrio coronatus est, ot sepultus via Appis prope ceemeterium Callisti, septimo calendas septembris. Church during the reign of the emperor Severus. He ordained that, according to custom, Holy Orders should be conferred on candidates at a fitting time and in presence of many both clergy and laity; and also that learned and worthy men should be chosen for that dignity. Moreover he decreed that when the bishop was offering the holy Sacri- fice, ho should be assisted by all the priests. He also ordained that neither patriarch, nor primate, nor metropolitan might condemn a bishop without the suthority of the apostolic See. His pontificate last- od eighteen years and eighteen days. In four ordinations which he held in the month of December, he ordained thir- teen priests, seven deacons, and thirteen bishops for divers places. He was crowned by martyrdom under the emperor Antoninus, and was buried on the Appian Way, near the cometery of Callixtus, on the seventh of the Calends of Sep- tember. Viotor I was the Pontiff of the Pasch; and thou also, his successor, wast devoured by the zeal of God’s house, to maintain and increase the regularity, the dignity, and the splendour of the divine worship on earth. In heaven the court of the Conqueror of death gained, during thy pontificate, many noble members, such as Irensus, Pe: rpetua, and the countless martyrs who triumphed in the persecution of 84 TIME Beptimus Severus. AFTER PENTECOST In the midst of dangerous snares thou wast the divinely assisted guardian of the truth, whom our Lord had promised to Llis Church. Thy fidelity was rewarded by the increasing advancement of the bride of Jesus, and by the definitive establishment of her foothold upon the world which she is to gain over wholly to her Spouse. We shall meet thee sgain in Ootober, in company with Callixtus, who is now thy deacon, but will then, in his turn, be vicar of the Man-God. To-day give us thy paternal blessing ; and make us ever true sons of St. Peter. Avcust 27 SAINT JOSEPH CALASANCTIUS CONFESSOR “To thee is the poor man left: thou wilt be a helper to the orphan.’! Proud Venice has already seen these words realized in her noble son Jerome ZEmilian : to-day they indicate the sanctity of another illustrious person descended from the first princes of Navarre, but of still higher rank in the kingdom of charity. God, who waters the trees of the field as well as the cedars of Libanus, because it is He that planted them all, takes care also of the little birds that do 1Ps. ix. 14, 85 SAINT JOSEPH CALASANCTTUS not gather into barns: will He then forget the child, who is of much more value than the birds of the air? Or will He give him corporal nourishment, and neglect the soul hungering for the bread of the knowledge of salvation, which strengthens the heart of man? In the sixteenth century one might have been tempted to think our heavenly Father’s granaries were empty. True, the holy Spirit soon raised up new saints; for the but the reviving charity was insufficient number of the destitute; how many poor ohildren, especially, were without schools, deprived of the most elementary education which is indispensable to the fulfilment of their obligations, and to their nobility as children of God: and there was no one to break to them the bread of knowledge! More fortunate than so many other countries over- run with heresy, Spain was at her apogee, enjoying the hundredfold promised to those wgo seek first the kingdom of Gud. She seemed to have become our Lord’s inexhaustible resource. A little while ago she had given Ignatius Loyola to the world ; she had just enrified heaven by the precious death of Teresa of Avila, when the Ioly Ghost drew once more from her abundance to add to the riches of the capital of the Christian world, and to supply the wants of the little ones in God’s Church. The descendant of the Calasanz of Petralta de la Sal was already the admired apostle of Aragon, Catalonia, and Castille, when he heard a mysterious voice spenking to his soul: ‘Go to Rome; go forth from the land of thy birth; soon shall appear to thee, in her heavenly beauty, the companion destined for thee, holy poverty, who now calls thee to taste of her austere delights ; go, without knowing whither I am leading thee; I will make thee the father of an immense family ; I will show thee all that thou must suffer for My name’s sake.’ TIMR AFTER 86 PENTECOST Forty years of blind fidelity, in unconscious sanotity, had prepared the elect of heaven for his sublime vocation. ¢ What can be greater,” asks St. John Chrysostom, ¢ than to direct the souls and form the characters of children ? Indeed I consider him ter than any painter or sculptor, who knows ow to fashion the souls of the young.’!' Joseph understood the dignity of his mission: during the remaining fifty-two years of his life he, according to the recommendations of the holy Doctor, considered nothing mean or despicable in the service of the little ones ; nothing cost him dear if only it enabled him, by the teaching of letters, to infuse into the innumerable children who came to him the fear of the Lord. From St. Pantaleon, his residence, the Pious schools soon covered the whole of Italy, spread into Sicily and Spain, and were eagerly sought by kings and people in Moravia, Bohemis, Poland, and the northern countries. Eternal Wisdom associated Calasanctius to her own work of salvation on earth. She rewarded him for his labours as she generally does her privileged ones, by giving him a strong conflict, that he might overoome, and know that wisdom is mightier than all.? It is a conflict like that of Jacob at the ford of Jaboo which represents the last obstacls to the entrance into the Promiaed land, when all the pleasures and goods of the world have been sent on before by absolute renouncement; it is a conflict by night, wherein nature fails and becomes lame; but it is followed by the rising of the sun, and sets the combatant at the entrance of eternal day; it is a conflict with God hand to hand, under the appearance, it is true, of a man or of an angel ; but it matters little under what form God chooses to hide Himself, provided it takes Homilia diei, ex Chyrs. in Matth, Lx. ? Wisd. x. 12, 87 SAINT JOSEPH CALASANCTIUS nothing from His sovereign dominion. ‘Why dost thou ask my name?’ said the wrestler to Jacob; “thine shall be henceforth Israel, strong against God.’? Our readers may consult the historians of Saint Joseph Calasanctius for the details of the trials which made him a prodigy of fortitude, as the Church calls him.? Through the calumnies of false brethren the saint was deposed, and the Order reduced to the condition of a secular congregation. It was not until after his death that it was re-established, first by Alexander VIIL, and then by Clement IX, as a Regular Order with solemn vows. In his great work on the Canonization of saints, Benedict XIV speaks at length on this subject, delighting in the &art he had taken in the process of the servant of od, first as consistorial advocate, then as promoter of the faith, and lactly as Cardinal giving his vote in favour of the cause. We shall see in the lessons that it was he also that beatified him. Let us now read the life of the founaer of the Poor Regular Clerks of the Picus Schools of the Mother of God. Josephus_Calasanctius & Matro Dei, Petralte in Aragonia nobili genere natus, a teneris annis futur® in pu“eros caritatis et eorum institutionis indicia_prbuit. Nam adhuc parvulus eos ad se convocatos in mysteriis fide ot sacris precibus erudiebat, Humanis divinisque litteris egregio doctus, cum studiis theologicis Valentize operam daret, nobilis potentisque feminie illece1 Gen. xxxii. Joseph Calasanctius of the Mother of God was born of a noble family of Petralta in Aragon, and from his earliest years gave signs of his future love for children and their education. For, when still a little child, he would gather other children round him and would teach them the mysteries of faith and holy prayer. After having received a good education in the liberal arts and divinity, he went through 2nd lesson of the second Nocturn, 7 !8 TIME AFTER PENTECOST bris fortiter superatis, vir- his theological studies at Valencia. Here he courageously rat, inoffensam insigni vi- overcame the seductions of ctoria servavit. Sacerdosex noble and powerful lady, and voto factus, a compluribus by & remarkable victory preepiscopis in Castelle Nove, served unspotted his virginity Aragoniz, ot Catalaunie re- which he had already vowed gnis in partem laboris asci to God. He became & priest tus, exspectationem om in fulfilment of a vow; and um vicit, pravis ubique soveral bishops of New Casmoribus emendatis, ecclesi- tille, Aragon, and Catalonia astica disciplina restituta, availed themselves of his asinimicitiis cruentisque fa- sistance. He surpassed all ctionibus mirifice exstinctis. their expectations, corrected At calesti visione et Dei ovil living throughout the voce frequenter admonitus, kingdom, restored ecclesiastiRomam profectus est. cal discipline, and was marvellously successful in putting an end to enmities and bloody factions. But urged by a heavenly vision, and after having boen several times called by God, he went to In urbe summa vite aspe- ritate, vigiliis et jejuniis corpus affligens, in orationibus et ccelestium rerum con- templatione dies noctesque versabatur, septem ejusdem Trbis ecclesias singulis fere noctibus obire solitus: quem inde morem complures an- nos servavit. Dato piis sodalitatibus nomine, mirum Rome. Here he led a life of great austerity; fasting and watching, spending whole days and nights in heavenly contemplation, and visiting the seven basilicas of the city almost every night. This last custom he observed for many years. He enrolled himself in pious associations, and with wonderful charity devoted himself to aiding and consoling the firmos potissimum, aut car- poor with alms and other ceribusdetentos eleemosynis works of mercy, especially omnique pietatis officio sub- those who were sick or imlevaret. Lue Urbem de- prisoned. When the plague populante, una cum sancto was raging in Rome, he joined Camillo, tento fuit actus $t. Camillus, and not content quanto ardore pauperes, in- 89 SAINT JOSEPH CALASANCTIUS impetu caritatis, ut praeter subsidia mgrotis pauperibus large collata, ipsa etiam de- cadavera - suis functorum humeris tumulanda transVerum cum diviniferret. tus accepisset, se ad informandos intelligentix: ac pietatis spiritu adolescentulos, precipue pauperes, destinari, Ordinem Clericoruin regularium_pauperum Matris Dei scholurum piarum fundavit, qui peculiarem curam circa puerorum eruditionem ex proprio instituto profiterentur: _ipsum- in his ardent zeal, With be- stowing lavish care upon the sick poor, he even carried the dead to the grave on his own shoulders. But having been divinely was admonished that he called to educate children, especially those of the piety and learning, he the Order of the Poor Clerks of the Mother of the Pious Schools, specially destined to themselves of youth. poor, in founded Regular of God who are devote to the instruction This Order was highly approved by Clement VIIL., Paul V., and others of que Ordinem a Clemente the Roman Pontitfs, and in a octavo, a Paulo quinto, ali- wonderfully short space of isque summis Pontificibus time it spread through many ‘magnopere probatum, brevi of the kingdoms of Europe. tempore per plurimas Euro- But in this undertaking Jopee provincias et regna mi- seph had to undergo many rabiliter propagavit. In hoc sufferings and labours, and he autem tot labores perpessus est, ac tot @rumnas invicto animo toleravit, ut omnium 'voce miraculum fortitudinis, ot sancti Jobi exemplum diceretur. endured them all with so much constancy, that every one proclaimed him a miracle of patience and another Job. Though burdened with the Quamvis Ordini universo prrcesset, totisque viribus ad government, of the whole Oranimarum salutem incum- der, he nevertheless devoted beret, numquam tamen in- himself to saving souls, and termisit pueros, preesertim moreover never gave over pauperiores, erudire, quo- teaching children, especially Tum scholas verrere, eosque those of the poorer class. He would gweep their schools and domum comitari consuevit. In eo summe patientie et take them to their homes himsolf. For fifty-two years he humilitatis munere, valetudine etiam infirma, ducs et persevered in this work, though it called upon him to quinquaginta annos perse 90 TIME veravit: dignus AFTER propterea, practise the greatest patience illu- he suffered from weak health. quem crebris Deus miraculis coram PENTECOST discipulis and humility, and although God rewarded him by honourVirgo cum puero Jesu, illis ing him with many miracles orantibus benedicente, ap- in the presence of his discipareret. Amplissimis inte- plos; and the blessed Virgin rim dignitatibus _repudia- appeared to him with the Intis, prophetia, abdita cordi- fant Jesus who blessed his um et absentia cognoscendi children while they were praydonis et miraculis clarus, ing. He refused the highest Deipars Virginis, quam sin- dignities, but he was made ilgulari pietate ot ipse ab in- lustrious by the gifts of prostraret, et cui beatissima fantia coluit, et suis maxime commendavit, aliorum- que coclitum frequenti apparitione dignatus, cum obitus sui diem, et Ordinis tunc prope eversi restitutionem atque incrementum pranuntiasset, secundum et nonagesimum annum agens, Roma: obdormivit in Domi- no, octavo calendas septembris, auno millesimo sexcentesimo quadragesimo vctavo. 3jus cor et lingua post swculum integra ot incorrupta roperta sunt. Ipse vero multis post obitum quoque signis a Deo illustratus, primum a Benedicto decimo quarto beatorum cultu deco- ratus fuit, ac deinde a Clemente decimo tertio inter sanctos solemniter ost relutus. phecy, of reading the secrets of hearts, and of knowing what was going on in his absence. He was favoured with fre- quent apparitions of the citizens of heaven, particularly of the Virgin Mother of God, whom he had loved and hon- oured most especially from his infancy, and whose cultus he had most strongly recommended to his disciples. He foretold the day of his death aud the restoration and propa- gation of his Order, which was then almost destroyed, and in lis ninety-second year he fell adeep in our Lord, at Rome, on the eighth of the (‘alendsof September, in the year 1648. A century later, his heart and tongue wero found whole and incorrupt. God honoured him Ly many miracles after his death. ed him Benedict XIV. grant- the henours of the blessed, and Clement XIII. solemnly curolled him among the saints. SAINT JOSEPII CALASANCTIUS 91 The Lord hath heard the desires of the poor,! by making thee the depositary of His love, and putting on thy lips the words Ile Himself was the first to utter: ‘Suffer the little children to come unto me.’? How many owe, and will yet owe, their eternal hapEiness to thee, () Joseph, because thou and thy sons ave preserved in them the divine likeness received in Baptism, man’s ouly title to heaven! Be thou blessed for having justifiel the confidence Jesus laced in thee by entrusting to thy care those frail rittle beings, who are the objects of His divine predilection. Be thou blessed for having still further corresponded to that confidence of our Lord, when He suffered thee, like Job, to be persecuted by satan, and with yet more cruel surprises than those of the just Idumeean. Must not God be able to count unfailingly upon those who are His? Is it not fittin, that, amidst the defections of this miserable world, He should be able to show His angels what grace can do in our poor nature, and how far His adorable will can be carried out in His saints ? The reward of thy sufferings, which thy unwavering confidence expected from the Mother of God, came at the divinely appointed hour. O Joseph, pow that the Pious Schools have been long sgo re-established, bless the disciples whom even our age continues to give thee; obtain for them, and for the countless scholars they train to Christian science, the blessing of the Infant Jesus. Give thy spirit and thy courage to all who devote their labours and their life to the education of the young; raise us all to the level of the teaching oonveyediy thy heroio life. 1 Offertory from I's. ix. 17. 2 Comununion from St. Mark x. 14. 92 TIME AFTER PENTECOST Avcusr 28 SAINT AUGUSTINE BISHOP AND DOCTOR OF THE CHURCH To-pay Augustine, the greatest and the humblest of the Doctors, is hailed by heaven, where his conversion caused greater joy than that of any other sinner ; and celeiru-ated by the Church, who is enlightened by his writings as to the gratuitousness of divine Since that power, wonderful, the heavenly value, and conversation the at Ostia,' God had completed His triumph in the son of Monica’s tears and of Ambrose’s holiness. Faraway from the great cities where pleasure had seduced him, the form or rhetorician now cared only to nourish his soul with the simplicity of the Scriptures, in silence and solitnde. But grace, after breaking the double chain that bound his mind and his heart, was to have a still greater dominion over him ; the pontifical consecration was to consummate Augustine’s union with that divine Wisdom, whom alone he declared he loved ¢ for her own sole sake, caring neither for rest nor life save on her account.’”* Krom this height, to which the divine mercy had raised him, let us hear him pouring out his heart: “Too late have I loved Thee, O Beauty so ancient and yet so new ! Too late have I loved Thee! And behold Thou wast within me, and I, having wandered out of myself, sought Thee everywhere without. . . . T questioned the earth, and she answered me: “I am 1 Seo lifc of St. Monica, * Solilog. i 22, May 4, U'aschal time Vol II. 93 SAINT AUGUSTINE not the one thou seekest”; and all the creatures of earth made the same reply. I questioned the sea and its abysses and all the living things therein, and they answered: “ We are not thy God ; seek above us.” I questioned the restless winds; and all the air with its inhabitants replied: “Anaximenes is mistaken, I am not God.” I questioned the sky, the sun, the moon, the stars, and they said: “ We are not the God whom thou seekest.” ~ And I said to all these things that stand without at the gates of my senses: “ Yo Lave all confessed concerning my God that ye are not He, tell me now something about Him.” And they all cried with one great voice: «“It is He that made us.” I questioned them with my desires, and they answered by their beauty.— Let the air and the waters and the earth be silent ! Let man keep silence in his own soul! Let him pass beyond his own thought ; for beyond all language of men or of angels, Iic, of whom creatures speak, makes Himself heard; where signs and images and figurative visious cease, there eternal Wisdom reveals Herself. . . . Thou didst call and cry so loud that my deaf ears could hear Thee; Thou didst shine brightly that my blind eyes could see Thee; so Thy fragrauce exhilarated me, and it is after Thee that I aspire; having tasted Thee I hunger and thirst; Thou hast touched me and thrilled me, and I burn to be in Thy peaceful rest. When I shall be united to Thee with my whole being, then will my sorrows and labours cease.’! To the end of his life Augustine never ceased to fight for the truth against all the heresies then invented by the father of lies; in his ever repeated victories, we know not which to admire most: his knowledge of the holy Seriptures, his powerful logic, * Confess. Lib, ix and x. passim. TIME AFTER PENTECOST 94 or his eloquence. We see too that divine charity which, while inflexibly upholding every iota of God’s rights, is full of ineffable compassion for the unhappy beings who do not understand those rights. «Let those be hard upon you who do not know what labour it is to reach the truth and turn away from error. Let those be hard upou you, who know not how rare a thing it is, and how much it costs, to overcome the false images of the senses and to dwell in peace of soul. Let those be hard upon you, who know not with what difficulty man’s mental eye is healed so as to be able to gaze upon the Sun of justice ; who know not thrnug% what sighs and groans one attains to some little knowledge of God. Let those, finally, be hard upon you, who bave never known seduction like that whereby you are deceived. .. As for me, who have been tossed about by the vain imaginations of which my mind was in search, and who have shared your misery and so long deplored ii, I could not by any means be harsh to you.’? 'hese touching words were addressed to the disciples of Manes, who were hemmed in on all sides even by the laws of the pagan emperors. How fearful is the misery of our fallen race, when the darkness of hell can overpower the loftiest intellects! Augustine, the formidable opponent of heresy, was, for nine years previously, the convinced disciple and ardent apostle of Manicheism. This heresy was a strange variety of Gmostic dualism, which, to explain the existence of evil, made a god of evil itself; and ‘which owed its prolonged influence to the pleasure taken in it by satan’s pride. Augustine sustained also a prolonged though more local struggle against the Donatists, whose teaching 1 B. Aug. contrg epist. Manichai quam vocant fundamenti, 2-3. SAINT AUGUSTINE 95 was based on a principle as false as the faot from which it professed to originate. This fact, which on the petitions presented by the Donatists themselves was juridically proved to be false, was that Ceecilia~ nus, primate of Africa in 311, had received episcopal consecration from a ¢raditor, i.e. one who had deliv- ered up the sacred Books in time of persecution. No one, argued the Donatists, could communicate with a sinner, without himself ceasing to form part of the flock of Christ ; therefore, as the bishops of the rest of the world had continued to communicate with Ceecilianus and his successors, the Donatists alone were now the Church. This groundless schism was established among most of the inhabitants of Roman Africa, with its four hundred and ten bishops, and its troops of Circumcellions ever ready to commit murders and violence upon the Catholies on the roads or in isolated houses. The greater part of our saiut’s time was occupied in trying to bring back these lost sheep. ‘We must not imagine him studying at his ease, in the peace of a quiet episcopal city chosen as if for the purpose by Providence, and there writing those precious works whose fruits the whole world has enjoyed even to our days. There is no fecundity on earth without sufferings and trials, known sometimes to men, sometimes to God alone. When the writings of the saints awaken in us pious thoughts and generous resolutions, we must not be satisfied, as we might in the case of profane books, with admiring the genius of the authors, but think with gratitude of tie price they paid for the supernatural good produced in our souls. Before Augustine’s arrival 1n Hippo, the Donatists were so great a majority of the_population, that, as he himself informs us, they ocould even forbid anyone to bake bread for Catholics.! 3 Contra litteras Petitioni, i, 184, 96 TIME AFTER PENTECOST ‘When the saint died, things were very different ; but the pastor, who had made it his first duty to save, even in spite of themselves, the souls confided to him, to spend his days and nights in had been obli; this great wofi(, and had more than once run the The leaders of the schismatics, risk of martyrdom.! fearing the force of his reasoning even more than his eloquence, refused all intercourse declared that to put Augustine to praiseworthy action, which would petrator the remission of his sins.? “Pray for us,’ he said at the episcopate, ‘ pray for us who live state, as it were between the teeth with Lim; they death would be a merit for the per- beginning of his in so precarious a of furious wolves. These wandering sheep, obstinate sheep, are offended because we run after them, as if their wandering made them cease to be ours.—Why dost thou call us? they say; why dost thou pursue us?—But the very reason of our cries and our anguish is that they are running to their ruin.—If I am lost, if I die, what is it to thee? what dost thou want with me? —What I want is to call thee back from thy wandering ; what I desire is to snatch thee from death. —But what if I will to wander ? what if I will to be lost —Thou willest to wander? thou willest to be lost? How much more earnestly do I wish it Yea, I dare to say it, I am importunate; for not! I hear the Apostle saying: “Preach the word: be instant in season, out of season.”® In season, when they are willing; out of season, when they are unwil i;'ng. Yes then, I am importunate: thou willest to perish, I will it not. And He wills it not, who threatened the shepherds saying: “That which was driven away you have mot brought again, neither 1 Possidius, vita dugustini. 13. 3 Ibid. 10. 32 Tim. iv. 2. 97 SAINT AUGUSTINE have you sought that which was lost.”! fear thee more judgment seat, than Him? I fear before we Am I to thee not; the tribunal of Donatus cannot take the place of Christ’s which must all appear. hether thou will it or not, I shall call back wandering sheep, I shall seek the lost sheep. the The thorns may tear me ; but however narrow the open- ing may be, it shall not check my pursuit; I will beat every bush, as long as the Lord gives me strength ; so only I can get to thee wherever thou strivest to perish.’? Driven into their last trenches by such unconquerable charity, the Donatists replied by massacring clerics and faithful, since they could not touch Augustine himself. The bishop implored the imperial Jjudges not to inflict mautilation or death upon tha murderers lest the triumph of the martyrs should be sullied by such a vengeance. Such mildness was cortainly worthy of the Church; but it was destined to be one day brought forward against her in contrast to certain other facts of her history, by a school of liberalism that can grant rights and even preeminence to error. Augustine acknowledges his first idea to have been that constraint should not be used to bring any one into the unity of Christ; he believed that preaching and free discussion should be the only arms employed for the conversion of heretics. But on the consideration of what was taking place before his eyes, the very logic of his charity brought him over to the opinion of his more ‘ancient colleagues in the episcopate.® “Who,” he says, ‘could love us more than God does? Nevertheless God makes use of fear in order to save us, although He teaches us with sweetness, ‘When the Father of the family wanted guests for 3 Ezech. xxxiv. 4. 3 8. Aug. sermon xlvi, 14. 3 Epistole, passim, 98 TIME AFTER PENTECOST His banquet, did He not send His servants to the highways and hedges, to compel all they met to come in? This banquet is the unity of Christ’s body. If, then, the divine goodness has willed that, at the fitting time, the faith of Christian kings should recognize this power of the Church, let the heretics brought back from the by-ways, and schismatics forced into their enclosures, consider not the constraint they suffer, but the banquet of the Lord to which they would not otherwise have attained. Does not the shepherd sometimes use threats and sometimes blows, to win back to the master’s fold the sheep that have been enticed out of it ? Severity that springs from love is preferable to deceitful gentleness. He who binds the delirious man, and wakes up the sleeper from his lethargy, molests them both, but for their good. If a house were on the point of falling, and our cries could not induce those within to come out, would it not be cruelty not to save them by force in spite of themselves ? and that, even if we could snatch only one from death, because the rest, seeing it, obstinately hastened their own destruction: as the Donatists do, who in their madness commit suicide to obtain the crown of martyrdom. No one can become good in spite of himself ; nevertheless, the rigorous laws, of which they com- plain, bring deliverance not ouly to individuals, but to whole cities, by freeing them from the bonds of nntruth and causing them to see the truth, which the violence or the deceits of the schismatics had hidden from their eyes. Far from complaining, their gratitude is now boundless and their joy complete ; their feasts and their chants are unceasing.’! Meanwhile the justice of heaven was falling upon the queen of nations; Rome, after the triumph of + Epistola, passim. SAINT AUGUSTINE 99 of the cross, had not profited of God’s merciful delay ; now she was expiating, under the hand of Alaric, the blood of the saints which she had shed before her idols. Go out from her my people.’! At this signal the city was evacuated. The roads were all lined with bartarians; and happy was the fugitive who could succeed in reaching the sea, there to entrust to the frailest skiff the honour of his family and the remains of his fortune. Like a bright beacon shining through the storms, Augustine, by his reputation, attracted to the African coast the best of the unfortunates ; his varied correspondence shows us the new links then formed by God, between the bishop of Hippo and so many noble exiles. At one time he would send, as far as Nola in Campania, charming messages, mingled with learned questions and luminous answers, to greet his ‘dear lords and veneisble brethren, Paulinus and Therasia, his fellow disciples in the school of our Lord Jesus.” Again it was to Carthage, or even nearer home, that his letters were directed, to console, instruct, and fortify Albina, Melania, and Pinianus, but especially Proba and Juliana, the illustrious grandmother and mother of a still more illustrious daughter, the virgin Demetrias, the greatest in the Roman world for nobility and wealth, and Augustine’s dear conquest heavenly Spouse. of her consecration to the ‘Oh! who,’ he wrote on hearing to our Lord, ‘could worthily express the glory added this day to the family of the Anicii? For years, it has ennobled the world by the consuls its sons, but now it gives virgins to Christ! Let others imitate Demetrias; whosoever ambitions the glory of this illustrious family, let him take holiness for his portion!’? Augustine’s desire was magnificently realized, when, less than a century + Apoc. xviil. 4. 3 Epist. dl, o clxxix, TIME AFTER PRNTECOST 100 later, the gens Anicia gave to the world Scholastica and Benedict, who were to lead into intimate famili- arity and union with God so many souls eager for true nobility. When Rome fell, the shock was felt throughout the rovinces and even beyond. Augustine tells us how Ee, a descendant of the ancient Numidians, groaned and wept in his almost inconsolable grief ;! so great, even in her decadence, was the universal esteem and love for the queen city, through the secret action of Him who was holding out to her new and higher destinies. Meanwhile the terrible crisis furnished the occasion for Augustine’s most important writings. The City of God was an answer to the still numerous partisans of idolatry, who attributed the misfortunes of the empire to the suppression of the false gods. In this great work he refutes, in the most complete and masterly way, the theology and also the philosophy of Roman and Grecian pagaunism; he then proceeds to set forth the origin, the history, and the end of the two cities, the esrthly, and the heavenly, which divide the world between them, and which are founded upon ‘two opposite loves: the love of self even to the despising of God, and the love of God even to the despising of self.”? But Augustine’s greatest triumph was that which earned for him the title of the Doctor of grace. His favourite prayer: Da quod jubes, el jube quod vis® offended the pride of a certain British monk, whom the was for and events of the year 410 had led into Africa.! This Pelagius, who taught that nature, all-powerful good, was quite capable of working out salvation, that Adam’s sin injured himself alone, and was not passed down to his posterity. We can well un1 De urbis excidio, 3. * De ciritate Dsi contra paganos xiv, xxviii. 3 Lord give me graco to do what thou commandest, and command what thou wilt. & De dono perstverantice, 53. 101 e SAINT AUGUSTINE derstand Augustine, who owed so much to the divine mercy, feeling so strong whose authors seemed to us men, but it is we that In this new campaign the former convert; but hope. He had already an aversion for a system say to God: ¢ Thou madest justify ourselves.” no injuries were spared to they were his joy and his said, with regard to similar arguments adduced by other adversaries: ¢ Catholics, my beloved brethren, one flock of the one Shepherd, T care not how the enemy may insult the watch-dog of the fold; it is not for my own defence, but for yours, that I must bark. Yet I must needs tell this enemy that, as to my former wanderings and errors, I condemn them, as every one else does; I can but see therein the glory of Him who has delivered me from myself. hen I hear my former life brought forward, no matter with what intention it is dome, I am not so ungrateful as to be afflicted thereat; for the more they show up my misery, the more I praise my physician.’! ‘While he made so little account of himself, his reputation was spreading throughout the world, by reason of the victory he had won for grace. ¢ Honour to you,” wrote the aged St. Jerome from Bethlehem ; “honour to the man whom the raging winds have not been able to overthrow! . .. Continue to be of good courage. The whole world celebrates your praises ; the Catholics venerate and admire you as the restorer of the ancient faith. But what is a mark of still greater glory, all the heretics hate you. They honour me, too, with their hatred. Not being able to strike us with the sword, they kill us in desire.? These lines reveal the intrepid combatant with whom we shall make acquaintance in September, 1 Contra litteras Pelsliani, iil, 11. * Hieron. epiat. cxli, al. lxxx, 102 TIME AFTER PENTECOST and who, soon after writing them, was laid to rest in the sacred cave near which he had taken refuge. Augustine had yet some years to continue the good fight, to complete the exposition of Catholic doctrine in contradiction to some even holy persons, who were inolined to think that at least the beginning of salvation, the desire of assistance of God. century later (529) approved by Rome closed the struggle, faith, did not require the special This was semi-pelagianism. A the second Council of Orange, and hailed by the whole Church, taking its definitions from the writings of the bishop of Hippo. Augustine himself, however, thus concluded his last work: ‘Let those who read these things give thanks to God, if they understand them ; if not, let them pray to the teacher of our souls, to him whose shining produces knowledge and understanding. Do they think that Terr? Let them reflect again and again, lest perhaps they themselves be mistaken. As for me, when the readers of my works instruct and correct me, I see therein the goodness of God ; yea, I ask it as a favour, especially of the learned ones in the Church, if by chance this book should fall into their hands, and they deign to take notice of what I write.’! ut let us return to the privileged people of Hippo, won over by Augustine’s devotedness, even more than by his admirable discourses. ~His door was open to every comer; and he was ever ready to listen to the requests, the sorrows, and the disputes of his chil- dren. Sometimes, at the instance of other churches, and even of councils, requiring of Augustine a more active pursuit of works of general interest, an agreement was made between the flock and the pastor, that on certain days of the week no one should interrupt him. But the convention could not last 1 Ds dono perseverantic, 68. SAINT AUGUSTINE long. 103 Whoever wished could claim the attention of this loving and humble shepherd, beside whora the little ones especially knew well that they would never meet with a refusal. As an instance of this we may mention the fortunate child, who wishing to enter into correspondence with the bishop, but uot daring to take the initiative, received from him the touching letter which may be seen in his works.! Besides all his other glories, our seint was the institutor of monastic life in Roman Africa, by the monasteries he founded, and in which he lived before he became bishop. He was a legislator by his letter to the virgins of Hippo, which became the rule whereon so many servants and handmaids of our Lord have formed their religious life. Lastly, tother with the clerics of his church who lived with im a common life of absolute poverty, he was the example and the head of the great family of Regular Canons. But we must close these already lengthy pages, which will be completed by the narrative of the holy liturgy. Let us, then, read this authentic account. Inde- pendently of the present feast, the Church, in her martyrology, makes special mention of Augustine’s conversion on the fifth of May. Augustinus, Tagaste in Africa honestis parentibus natus, ac puer docilitate ingenii wquales louge superaus, brovi ommibus doctrina antecelluit. Adolesceus, dum_esset Carthagine, in Manichiorum huwresim ' incidit. Postea Romam pro- Augustine was born at Tagaste® in Africa of noble parents. As a child he was so apt in learuing that in a short time b far surpassed in knowledge all those of his own age. When he was a young man he went to Carthago where he fell into the Mauichican here- ! Epist. cclxvi, al. cxxxii. dugustinus Florentine pucllec. 2 Souk-Athas, in Algeria, 25 leagues to the south of Bona, the ancient Hippo. 8 104 TIME AFTER PENTECOST doce- sy. Later on, he journeyed to Rome, and was sent thence to brosii episcopi esset auditor, ing frequently listened to the fectus, inde Mediolanum ‘missus ut rhetoricam ret, cum ibi frequens Am- ejus opera incensus studio catholica: fidei, annos natus triginta tres ab ipso baptizatur. Reversus in Africam, cum_religione vite sanc moniam conjungens, a Valerio nota sanctitatis episcopo Hipponensi presbyter factus est. familiam Quo tempore instituit religioso- rum, quibuscum victu communi eodemque cultu utens, eos ad apostolice vitw do- ctrineque disciplinam diligentissime erudiebat. Ned cum vigeret Manichaorum heeresis, vehementius in illam invehi coepit, Fortuna- tumque hwresiarcham coufutavit. palis officii. Nihil illo fuit humilius, nihil continentius. Lectus ac vestitus modera- tus, vulgaris mensa, quam vel lectione ione condiebat. Tanta benignitate fuit pauperes, ut, cum non esscl alia facultas, sacra vas frangeret ad corum inopiam sustentandam. teaching of Ambrose the bish- op, he was through his influ- ence inflaned with a desire of the Catholic faith and was baptized by him at the age of thirty-three. Feminarum, et in cis sororis, et fratris filise, coutubernium Eumilia- Ou his return to Africa, as his holy life was in keeping with his religion, Valeriug the bishop, who was then renowned for his sanetity, ordained him priest. It was at this time that he founded a re- ligious community with whom he lived, sharing their food, and dress, and training them with the utmost care in the rulesof apostolic lifeand teach- ing. The Manichwan heresy was then growing very strong: he opposed it with great vig- our Hac Augustini pietote commotus Valerius, eum adjutorem adhibuit episco- Hav- Milan to teach rhetoric. and refuted one of its leaders named Fortunatus. Valerius perceiving Augustine's great piety made him his coadjutor in the bishopric. Hé was always most humble and most temperate. His clothing and his bed were of the simplest kind: he kept a frugal table, whi always seasoned by reading or holy convel . Such was his lucss o the poor, that when he had no other resource, he broke up the sicred vessels, 0 for their relief. all vonversation intercours with Ho A women, 105 SAINT AUGUSTINE even with his sister and his ritatemque vitavit: quippe qui diceret, etsi propinque mulieres suspecte non essont, tamen que ad eas ventitarent, posse suspicio- nem efficere. Nullum finem fecit prmdicandi Dei verbum, nisi gravi morbo oppressus. Hiereticos perpe- tuo insectatus et coram et scriptis, ac nullo loco pas- sus consistere, a Africam Manichzorum, Donatistarum, Pelagianorum, alio- rumque praterea haretico- rum errore magna ex parte liberavit. Tam multa pie, subtiliter et copiose scripsit, ut chri- stianam doctrinam illustrarit. maxime Quem in primis secuth sunt, qui postea theologicam disciplinam via et ratione tradiderunt. Wandalis Africam bello vastan- tibus, et Hipponem tertium jam ‘mensem obsidentibus, in febrim incidit. Itaque cum discessum e vita sibi instare intelligeret, psalmos David, qui ad peenitentiam pertinent, in conspectu positos profusis lacrimis lege- bat. Solebat autem dicere neminem, etsi nullius scele- ris sibi conscius esset, committere debere, ut sine pa- nitentia migraret e vita. Ergo sensibus integris, in oratione defixus, astantibus fratribus, quos ad caritatem, pietatem, virtutesque omues niece, for he used to say that though such near relatives could mot give rise to any suspicion, yet might the women who came to visit them. Never, except when seriously ill, did he omit preaching the word of God. He pursued heretics unremittingly both in public disputations and in his writings, never allowing them to take foothold anywhere; and by these means he almost entirely freed Africa from the Manichees, Donatists and other heretics. His numerous works are full of piety, deep wisdom and eloquence, and throw the greatest light on Christian doctrine, so that he is the great master and guide of all those who later on reduced theological teaching to method. While the Vandals were devastating Africa, and Hippo had been besieged by them for three months, Augustine was seized witha fever. When he perceived that his death was at hand, he had the penitential psalms of David placed before him, and used to read them with an abundance of tears. He was accustomed to say that no one, even though not conscious to himself of any sin, ought to be presumptuous enough to die without repentance. He was in full posses sion of his faculties and intens 106 TIME AFTER erat adhortatus, migravit in coelum. Vixit annos septuaginta sex, in episcopatu ad triginta sex. Cujus corpus primum in Sardiniam delatum, deinde a Luitprando, Longobardorum rege, magno pretio redemptum, Ticinum translatum est, ibique honorifice conditum. PENTECOST on prayer to the end. After exhorting his brethren who were around him, to charity, piety and the practice of every virtue, he passed to heaven, liaving lived seventy-six years, and thirty-six as bishop.” His body was first of all taken to Nardinia, afterwards Luitprand, king of the Lombards, translated it to Pavia, where it was Jionourably entombed. ‘What a death was thine, O Augustine, receiving on thy humble couch nought but news of disasters and ruin! Thy Africa was perishing at the hands of the barbariuns, in punishment of those nameless crimes of the ancient world, in which she had so large a share. Together with Genseric, Arius triumphed over that land, which nevertheless, thanks to thee, was to produce, for yet a hundred years, admirable martyrs for the Cousubstantiality of the ‘Word. When Belisarius restored her to the Roman world, God seemed to be offering her, for the mar- tyrs’ sake, au opportunity of returning to her former prosperity ; but the inexpericnced Byzantines, preoccupied with their theological quarrels and political intrigues, knew not how to raise her up, nor to protect her agaiust an invasion more terrible than the first; and the torrent of Mussulman infidelity soon swept all before it. At length, after twelve centuries, the cross re- appeared in thoso places, where the very names of so many flourishing churches had perished. May the nation on which thy eountry is now dependent, show that it is proud of this honour, and understand its consequent obligatious! During all that long night which overhung thy native lund, thy influeuce did not ccase. Through- BAINT AUGUSTINE 107 out the entire world, thy immortal works were en- lightening the minds of men and arousing their love. In the basilicas served by thy sons and imitators, the splendour of divine worship, the pomp of the ceremonies, the perfection of the sacred melodies, kept up in the hearts of the people the same supernatural enthusiasm which took possession of thine own, when for the first time in our west, St. Ambrose iustituted the alternate chanting of the psalmns and sacred bymns! Throughout all ages the perfect life, in its many different ways of exercising the double precept of charity, draws from the waters of thy fountains. Continue to illumine the Church with thine incomparable light. Bless the numerous religious families which claim thine illustrious patron- age. Assist usall, by obtaining for us the spirit of love and of penance, of confidence and of humility, which befits the redeemed soul. Give us to know the weakness of our nature and its unworthiness since the fall, and at the same time the boundless goodness of our God, the superabundance of His Redemption, the all-powerfulness of His grace. May we all, like thee, not only recognize the truth, but be able loyally and practically to say to God: ‘Thou hast made us for Thyself, and our heart is ill at ease till it rest in Thee.”? According to the most ancient monuments of the Roman Church,® another saint bLas always been honoured on this same duy, viz: llermes, a Roman magistrate, who hore witness to Christ under Trajan. The erypt constructed, less than half a ceutury after the death of the apostles, to receive this martyr’s relics, is remarkable for its majestic and ample proportions not usually found in the subterranean cemeteries. It was his sister T'heodora, who received 1 Aug. coufuss. ix. 2 Ibid. i 3 Culendarium Bucherii. 108 TIME AFTER PENTECOST from Balbina, daughter of the tribune Quirinus, the venerable chains of St. Peter. PRAYER Deus, qui beatum Hermetem, martyrem tuum, virtute constantiw: in passione roborasti: ex ejus nobis imitatione tribue, pro amore tuo prospera muudi despicere, et nulla ejus adversa formidare. Der Dominum. 0 God, who didst strengthon blessed Hermes, thy martyr, with the virtue of constancy in suffering: grant vs in imitation of him to despise worldly prosperity for the love of thee, and not to fear any of its ad- versity. Through our Lord, Avcust THE ¢Ar sc. 29 DECOLLATION OF SAINT THE BAPTIST JOHN that time, Herod sent and apprehended John, and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, the wife of Philip his brother, because he had married her. For John said to Herod: “Tt is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.” Now Herodias laid snares for him, and was desirous to put him to death, and ould not. For Ierod feared John, knowing him to be a just and holy man, and kept him, and when he heard him did many things; and he heard him willingly. Aund when a convenient day was come, Herod made a supper for his birthday, for the princes, and tribunes, and chief men of Galilee. And when the daughter of the sume Herodius had come in, and had danced, anl pleased Herod, and them that were at table with iiw, the king said to DECOLLATION OF SATNT JOHN THE BApTIST 109 the damsel: “ Ask of me what thou wilt, and I will ive it thee.” And he swore to her, “ Whatsoever thou shalt ask, I will give thee; though it be the half of my kingdom.” Who, when she was gone out, said to her mother: “ What shall T ask ?”” she said, “The head of John the Baptist.” But And when she was come in immediately with haste to the king, she asked, saying, I will that forthwith thou give me in a dish the head of John the Baptist.” And the king was struck sad ; yet because of his oath, and because of them that were with him at table, he would not displease her; but sending an executioner he commanded that his head should be a dish. And he beheaded him in the brought his head in a dish, and gave it to and the damsel gave it to her mother. brought in prison, and the damsel, Which his disciples hearing, came, and took his body, and laid it in a tomb.”! Thus died the greatest of ‘them that are born of women:’ without witnesses, the prisoner of a petty tyrant, the vietim of the vilest of passions, the wages of a dancing girl! Rather than keep silence in the presence of crime, although there were no hope of converting the sinner, or give up his liberty, even when in chains: the herald of the Word made flesh was ready to die. How beautiful, as St. John Chrysostom reruarks, is this liberty of speech, when it is truly the liberty of God’s Word, when it is an echo of heaven’s language! Then, indeed, it is a stumbling-block to tyranny, the safe-guard of the world and of God’s rights, the bulwark of a nation’s honour as well as of its temporal and eternal interests. Death has no power over it. To the weak murderer of John the Baptist, and to all who would 1 Gospel of the feast, St. Mark vi. 17-29. imitate TIME AFTER PENTECOST 110 him to the end of time, a thousand tongues, instead of one, repeat in all languages and in all places: ¢TIt is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.”