The Science of Mechanics

Description

Ernst Mach (1838-1916), the first scientist to study objects moving faster than the speed of sound, propounded a scientific philosophy which called for a strict adherence to observable data. He maintained that the sole purpose of scientific study is to provide the simplest possible description of detectable phenomena. In this work, first published in German in 1883 and here translated in 1893 by Thomas J. McCormack (1865-1932) from the 1888 second edition, Mach begins with a historical discussion of mechanical principles. He then proceeds to a critique of Newton's concept of 'absolute' space and time, reflecting Mach's rejection of theoretical concepts in the absence of definitive evidence. Although historically controversial, Mach's ideas and attitudes informed philosophers as influential as Russell and Wittgenstein, and his insistence upon a 'relative' idea of space and time provided much of the philosophical basis for Einstein's theory of general relativity decades later.

Assis's Relational Mechanics EU2019 Dynamic Earth lecture, esp. 14:26ff. cites Mach's Science of Mechanics (slides 10ff.):

• “The principles of mechanics can be so conceived, that even for relative rotations centrifugal forces arise.”
• “Try to fix Newton’s bucket and rotate the heaven of fixed stars, and then prove the absence of centrifugal forces.”