Concepción católica de la economía, Ed. Cursos de Cultura Católica, Buenos Aires 1936, 299 págs. [con un apéndice «sobre la cuestión judía»]
TXT & EPUB are MarianMT+CTranslate2 NMT machine-translated English versions. Each tokenized sentence is its own individual ¶; cf. the Python script, which was modified for MarianMT Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-es-en.
This volume deals with some of the major issues in contemporary moral philosophy. The core metaethical argument illuminates the structure of a moral system and emphasizes the importance of a phenomenological attitude toward the moral subject. From this starting point, further questions (typically addressed in normative ethics) arise: "How does moral deliberation work?" "How is moral justification possible?" "How can we explain moral pluralism?" "How do we give an account of supererogatory acts?" Regarding all these questions, the volume works out the following answer: only through complexity. This view entails the belief that a life lived well is richer if we endorse a moral system that denies theoretical oversimplifications and favors the abundance of the constraints of moral obligations. As such, the overall goal of this volume involves mapping and recognizing different instances of moral complexity. This acknowledgment comes with several assumptions. Only through complexity can we make sense of what lies beyond the call of duty. Only through complexity can we give an account of how morality works from the first-person perspective. Only through complexity can we better promote the pursuit of a flourishing life.
cf. "Does the principle of double-effect apply to supererogatory acts?"
ch. 3 (PDF pp. 88-114) is a good overview of supererogation, esp. § "3.2 What is Supererogation? The History of a Definition"
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
recommended by C Bounded Model Checker (CBMC)'s Systems Verification Group
An expanded and updated edition of a comprehensive presentation of the theory and practice of model checking, a technology that automates the analysis of complex systems.
Model checking is a verification technology that provides an algorithmic means of determining whether an abstract model—representing, for example, a hardware or software design—satisfies a formal specification expressed as a temporal logic formula. If the specification is not satisfied, the method identifies a counterexample execution that shows the source of the problem. Today, many major hardware and software companies use model checking in practice, for verification of VLSI circuits, communication protocols, software device drivers, real-time embedded systems, and security algorithms. This book offers a comprehensive presentation of the theory and practice of model checking, covering the foundations of the key algorithms in depth.
The field of model checking has grown dramatically since the publication of the first edition in 1999, and this second edition reflects the advances in the field. Reorganized, expanded, and updated, the new edition retains the focus on the foundations of temporal logic model while offering new chapters that cover topics that did not exist in 1999: propositional satisfiability, SAT-based model checking, counterexample-guided abstraction refinement, and software model checking. The book serves as an introduction to the field suitable for classroom use and as an essential guide for researchers.
Edmund M. Clark, Jr., is Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University.
. Orna Grumberg is Professor of Computer Science at Technion, Israel Institute of Technology.
Daniel Kroening is Professor of Computer Science at the University of Oxford.
Doron Peled is Professor of Computer Science at Bar-Ilan University.
Helmut Veith was a Professor on the Faculty of Informatics at Vienna University of Technology (TU Vienna).
cf. his very insightful article, placing Maxwell's theories in the technological-historical context of submarine telegraph cable construction and the Industrial Revolution (Jenkin the E&M version of thermodynamics's Watt? cf. intro of Against Intellectual Monopoly):
which mentions Weber, p. 47:
The close agreement between the calculated ratio of electrostatic and electromagnetic forces (obtained from measurements of capacitors[?] by Kohlrausch and Weber) and the measured velocity of light
Perhaps this can shed light on why Weber's theory was buried; cf. intro of Duhem 2015.
James Clerk Maxwell's theories of electromagnetism are uniquely Victorian products. Maxwell and his physics have traditionally been viewed as aloof and disinterested, dating to the mid-to-late-19th century, but not party to the cultural, industrial, political, economic, and environmental turmoil of the era. This dissertation examines often ignored corners of Maxwell's electromagnetic theories and those of his successors to demonstrate that they were shaped by the technologies of their time. These technologies, steam engine governors, capacitors, and undersea telegraph cables are each, in their own way, responsible for the varying forms taken by Maxwellian electromagnetic theory. Each of these technologies also has its own history. These histories connect these technologies and thus Maxwellian theory to the newly emerging concept of efficiency, as well as the colonialism, economics, religion, and ecology of the British Empire. Governors, capacitors, and submarine telegraph cables serve as a historiographical bridge, allowing for the exploration of how empire-wide forces shaped the minutiae of Maxwellian electromagnetic theory.
xii, 217 p. ; 23 cm
Thesis--Catholic Univ. of America, 1948
Biographical note
Includes bibliography (p. 191-197) and index
Part one. Historical synopsis ; The early councils and the decree of Gratian ; From the decree of Gratian to the beginning of the XVII century ; From the beginning of the XVII century to the Code of Canon Law -- Part two. Canonical commentary ; General norms governing communication with Schismatics ; Communication in the reception of the sacraments ; Communication in regard to the sacramentals ; Miscellaneous questions ; Religious communication of Schismatics with Catholics
xi, 138 p. ; 23 cm
Thesis (J.C.D.)--Catholic University of America, 1946
"Biographical note": p. [125]
Includes bibliography (p. 107-111) and index
Part one. First Holy Thursday to the I Council of Nicaea (325) ; The mass in the New Testament ; Patristic account of the ceremonies of the mass ; Summary -- Part two. From the I Council of Nicaea (325) to the Council of Trent (1545-1563) ; The origin of rites ; The name of the eucharistic sacrifice ; Language ; The Antimension ; The eucharistic bread ; The mixing of water with wine ; Holy Communion ; Summary -- Part three. From the Council of Trent (1545-1563) to the present time (1946) ; The matter of the Holy Eucharist ; Mixture of rites ; The administration of Holy Communion ; The reception of Holy Communion -- Conclusions
The Second Vatican Council’s declaration Dignitatis Humanae marks a significant advance over prior magisterial teaching about the right to religious liberty, yet the nature of this advance has long been subject to controversy. Is it a true development, conserving and extending what came before? Or does it instead chart a new course entirely, rejecting and replacing the older teaching?
In Religious Liberty and the Hermeneutic of Continuity , R. Michael Dunnigan takes up these pressing questions and offers a careful examination of how the claims of Dignitatis Humanae relate to the magisterial precedents set by the papacy in the nineteenth century. With precision and nuance, Dunnigan analyzes the object, scope, and foundation of the right to religious liberty itself, and his analysis culminates in the proposal that the “right” endorsed by Vatican II is not identical with the “rights” condemned by previous popes.
Beyond establishing the claims of Dignitatis Humanae as a true development of prior teaching, Dunnigan shows that its contribution to the question of religious liberty has not yet received full appreciation. Indeed, Dunnigan demonstrates how the Vatican II declaration reaffirms, reinforces, and even revivifies prior magisterial teaching on religious liberty through its emphasis on human integrity , which emerges as a foundational but often overlooked principle of continuity.
"How did the human right to religious liberty become an essential piece of modern Catholic teaching? R. Michael Dunnigan's contribution to the literature on Vatican II's Dignitatis Humanae brings to bear his keen theological and legal acumen not only to defend its compatibility with prior periods of Catholic teaching, but also to show its positive contribution in promoting human integrity in the modern world. Dunnigan explains how Dignitatis Humanae develops Church teaching on human dignity and the roles of civil authority and of law in both fostering and limiting the exercise of religion, and he lends his voice to recent arguments that regard the law of nations and the condition of reciprocity as grounding a development in justice that requires religious liberty among and within societies. Dunnigan's grasp of magisterial teaching, secular and ecclesiastical jurisprudence, and the post-conciliar literature is most impressive."
Barrett Turner
Mount St. Mary's University
"This is an extraordinarily competent and lucid investigation of the right to religious liberty promulgated by the Second Vatican Council. There might indeed be stronger rights or lesser rights to religious liberty, and perhaps different reasons for each, but Professor Dunnigan insists on getting to the precise right adopted by the Council. This is not easy work. He sifts through both the history of the conciliar debates and the plethora of post-conciliar opinions. I deem it fair not only to the Council but, perhaps just as importantly, to the scholarly debates thereafter."
Russell Hittinger
Catholic University of America
"One problem with Dignitatis Humanae is not what it said but what it didn't say. There was so much left to the imagination and future theological reflection. With this volume Dunnigan presents the principles of Dignitatis Humanae in the context of the broader theological tradition rather than leaving people to believe that the declaration was an endorsement of philosophies undergirding the French and/or American Revolutions. The work is essential reading for anyone interested in Catholic jurisprudence and political theory."
Tracey Rowland
University of Notre Dame (Australia)
"Dr. Michael Dunnigan has written a thorough and masterful study of Dignitatis Humanae that shows both its doctrinal continuity with previous Church teachings and its prophetic significance on the prudential plane. While refusing to shy away from the difficulties the text poses for interpreters concerned to reconcile the document with the teachings of nineteenth-century popes, Dunnigan convincingly demonstrates that Dignitatis Humanae roots religious liberty in the human desire to seek truth without coercion. He thus provides a subtle corrective to John Courtney Murray's highly influential view, according to which the text is founded on an acknowledgement on the part of the Church of the powerlessness of the state in the religious sphere. Dunnigan's book will be a standard reference in the field. Highly recommended."
Keith Lemna
Saint Meinrad Seminary
--Endorsements
R. Michael Dunnigan (JD, Georgetown University; JCD, Pontifical University of the Holy Cross) is associate professor of canon law at Saint Meinrad Seminary, having previously practiced both civil and canon law. His research interests include the rights of the faithful, comparative law, and doctrinal development.
Many have heard of St. John Fisher, but usually in association with his fellow martyr, St. Thomas More and that he refused to accept Henry VIII's break from Rome, and was thus executed. Few know that Fisher was famous in the first half of the 16th century, not only as a holy reforming bishop, but also as one of the greatest theologians in Europe. His masterful theological acumen made him the right man to oppose the ill wind blowing in from Germany.Luther denied several Catholic doctrines, and asserted many other teachings which were false on Justification, the Papacy, the Sacraments, etc. In 1520 he was condemned by Pope Leo X in his bull Exsurge Domine , and Luther, far from recanting, reasserted his forty articles, and burned the entire corpus of Canon Law. As the crisis continued, Henry VIII of England sensed an opportunity to win prestige in letters which had been denied to him in war. He assembled numerous theologians who aided him in writing a defense of the Church's sacraments against Luther's treatise De Babylonica Captivitate , or, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church. The 1521 publication of Henry's Assertio did not escape Luther's notice. The next year, he vigourously replied with his work Contra Henricum regem Angliæ , or Against Henry, King of England. Throughout, Luther mocks Henry, and resorts to name-calling worse than what had hitherto been seen in print, while only giving limited response to the arguments. Henry would not respond-indeed, royal protocol would not allow him to acknowledge such insults against the royal person. Instead, he tapped Fisher to write a response. The present volume, The Defense of the Royal Assertion , is more aggressive than in his other works, aggrieved by Luther's sheer impudence in not answering his king but hurling abuse at him instead. The extent to which Fisher defers to Henry and takes pains to defend him might surprise the reader, who has the benefit of history to know the poor reward Fisher was to receive for his efforts a mere 10 years later. In twelve chapters, Fisher dismantles not only Luther's assault on Henry, but also the foundation of his sacramental theology:
Chapter One: Luther's Agitated Arrogance Is Openly Deceitful
Chapter Two: His Apology That Attempts to Cover Notable Vices Is in Vain
Chapter Three: Regarding the Faithful's Communion, the Church's Custom Should Be Observed
Chapter Four: The Substance of the Bread Does Not Remain with the Most Holy Body of Christ
Chapter Five: The Mass Is Not a Testament
Chapter Six: The Mass Is Properly Called a Sacrifice and a Work by Those of Right Faith
Chapter Seven: Certain Quibbling Subterfuges and Lying Sophisms Are Laid Bare
Chapter Eight: The Mass Is Not Solely a Promise
Chapter Nine: Some of Luther's False Accusations against the King Are Done Away With
Chapter Ten: We Must Believe in the Fathers' United and Harmonious Scriptural Interpretation
Chapter Eleven: The Judgment of Doctrine Belongs to the Fathers Rather Than to the People
Chapter Twelve: Orders and Matrimony Are Sacraments and Efficaciously Confer Grace
The Church is a mystery. Believers who want to enter more deeply into that mystery will reflect on the Church's basic characteristics, the "marks of the Church": what it means for the Church to be one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. Non-Catholics and nonbelievers looking to appreciate how Catholics regard the Church also will desire to understand these "marks". In this book, renowned Dominican theologian Father Aidan Nichols explores the Church's characteristics. Drawing on insights from four theological masters-Henri de Lubac, Jean Tillard, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Charles Journet-Father Nichols seeks to help Catholics and non-Catholics to "figure out" the Church, on at least a fundamental level. Of course the four masters in question do not claim to exhaust the mystery of the Church. Nor does Nichols. They do, however, assist the reader in going deeper into the mystery. To accomplish this goal, Father Nichols appeals to both the Scholastic tradition and authors influenced by the ressourcement movement in theology. In this way, he provides readers with a sense of Catholicism's breadth, which is at once orthodox and yet generously conceived. Ê
1 bar (100 g = 3½ oz.) of olive oil soap (cf. saponification chart, ref:11.1):
or coconut butter soap (good ∵ has some saturated fat):
Make sure oil and NaOH+H2O are 35-40°C (95-104°F) when mixing them and stir until tracing stage achieved (~10-20 min.).
cf. LyeCalc.com's values.
A comprehensive guide to making all-natural, artisanal soaps and bath products from the director of The BareNaked Soap Company.
This practical book is full of helpful advice on how to make your own luxurious and beautiful soaps at home, using only the best natural ingredients. Not only are these soaps good for you, they also look great, feel great, and make wonderful gifts!
Soap-making entrepreneur Sarah Ade introduces all the simple techniques and basic kitchen equipment you'll need to create an array of gorgeous soaps. You'll learn how to choose your ingredients, understand their properties, and put them together to achieve a specific purpose.
Dozens of easy-to-follow recipes range from the fun and frivolous to sensible and serious, and the text is packed with ideas for alternative soap making and homemade skin care. This is an essential guide for anyone interested in what they put onto their body as well as what goes inside.
pp. 389 & 393 (PDF pp. 403, 407) are discussed in Genilo's bio. of Ford, in the context of periodic continence and the supposed obligation (debated among theologians) of marrieds to procreate.
Father Bolduc was an enigmatic and inscrutable priest. You will not find a role model that Father Bolduc followed as he was unique, energetic, and committed to bringing the universal and eternal Catholic truths to as many people as he could evangelize in his 20 awake hours each day. In his first ten years as a priest, he founded 60 chapels including the famed St. Mary’s in Kansas and the St. Vincent’s cathedral in Kansas City.
To communicate these truths, while resting after preparing the beautiful Queen of Angels in Texas for its first Mass, he shocked the tired workers with his idea to create the Angelus magazine. He never stopped working for the greater glory of God.
What formed such a man to take on his unfathomable duties as a tireless priest is described in the first part of this book. Next is described his priestly life from many sources including the diaries he kept since a child. In the appendix is included the notes from many interviews with those who knew Father as a person and priest.
The Mysteries of Christianity is Matthias Joseph Scheeben's youthful magnum opus, a logically rigorous and spiritually profound dogmatic theology. In its pages, he explores the intelligibility of Christianity's supernatural mysteries and their deep connectedness, ultimately demonstrating that Christian theology constitutes a science before the court of human reason, even as its object transcends human comprehension.
Scheeben's task is to present a unified view of the whole panorama of revealed truth, and he pursues this by considering nine key Christian mysteries: the Trinity, creation, sin, the Incarnation, the Eucharist, the Church and its sacraments, justification, eschatological glory, and predestination. Since the mystery of the Trinity is the root of the supernatural order, Scheeben begins here, showing that the foundation of the salvific economy lies in the eternal processions of persons in God—the begetting of the Son and the spiration of the Spirit being in different ways the cause of the life of grace in the human soul. When the Son and the Spirit are sent into the world in the Incarnation and through the bestowal of grace, they provide the way for human beings to see God face-to-face in the beatific vision, the end for which God created humans.
Among the means of return to God, Scheeben particularly emphasizes the Eucharist, on account of its close connection with the mystery of the Incarnation. By placing his treatment of the Eucharist before that of the Church, he signals that his is a genuinely Eucharistic ecclesiology, centered on the abiding presence of the incarnate divine Son.
"Matthias Joseph Scheeben's Mysteries of Christianity is one of the greatest and most important works of Catholic theology of the nineteenth century. In the early twenty-first century, a time replete with many forms of theological confusion, it is of urgent importance to continue reading the Mysteries. Being a classic of Catholic theology, the Mysteries do not grow old or cold, but speak to every subsequent age with the fullness of an unreduced Catholicity."
Reinhard Huetter
The Catholic University of America
"The nineteenth century saw its share of theological masterpieces, but Matthias Scheeben's The Mysteries of Christianity is the crowning achievement of the age, a masterful synthesis of the Bible, the Fathers, and the great scholastics. More than anything, though, Scheeben's Mysteries is a modern classic of Christian spirituality and mysticism. It remains quite simply unrivalled and without peer as a model of what Catholic theology can be."
R. Trent Pomplun
University of Notre Dame
"As Catholic theologians today labor to revive the long-dormant practice of dogmatic theology, we have no surer guide and goad than this great work of Scheeben. No single piece of Catholic theology since the Enlightenment brings together the virtues needed for dogmatic theology in quite the way Scheeben does here: intellectual rigor, reverence before the mysteries of the faith, and perception of the content and connections of those mysteries."
Bruce D. Marshall
Southern Methodist University
"The greatest single-volume dogmatics of the nineteenth century, Mysteries presents the Christian faith as a series of organically unfolding mysteries, springing from their Trinitarian root and flowering in the beatific vision. Students of theology will do well to apprentice themselves to this great master."
Fr. Aaron Pidel, SJ
Marquette University / Pontifical Gregorian University
--Endorsements
Matthias Joseph Scheeben (1835–1888) was a German priest and scholar whose theology points to the inner coherence of the Christian faith and its supernatural mysteries. Notable in his own time, Scheeben later received praise from Pope Pius XI, who in 1935 encouraged study of the late theologian's works, reflecting: "The entire theology of Scheeben bears the stamp of a pious ascetical theology." Hans Urs von Balthasar credited Scheeben as "the greatest German theologian to date." Scheeben's works include Nature and Grace, The Mysteries of Christianity , and the unfinished Handbook of Catholic Dogmatics.
Concepción católica de la política, Ed. Cursos de Cultura Católica, Buenos Aires 1932, 163 págs.; 2ª ed. corregida y aumentada: Cursos de Cultura Católica, Buenos Aires 1941², 266 págs.; Ed. Theoría, Buenos Aires 1961³, 174 págs.; Reeditada en el volumen: Concepción católica de la política. Los tres pueblos bíblicos en su lucha por la dominación del mundo. El comunismo en Argentina, Ed. Dictio, Buenos Aires 1974.
TXT & EPUB are MarianMT+CTranslate2 NMT machine-translated English versions. Each tokenized sentence is its own individual ¶; cf. the Python script, which was modified for MarianMT Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-es-en.
xiii, 163 pages ; 24 cm
Includes bibliographical references and index
I. The Ultimate practical judgement -- II. On Moral philosophy -- III. Disputed questions -- IV. From the science of nature to the science of society -- V. Christian humanism : a way to world order
Please support Dr. Minerd's work by purchasing this book from the publisher or donating to him on Patreon.
Chapter 6 "Moral Realism: Finality and the Formation Of Conscience" (ref:22.1 ff.) is on how moral certitude (prudence, judgement in practical matters) can be obtained (irrespective of the various opinions of probabilism, equi-probabilism, and probabiliorism, etc.; cf. Merkelbach vol. 2) when one has a well-formed conscience.
ref:22.11: "The truth of the practical intellect (or, prudence) is found in conformity with right appetite".
St. Thomas (I-II q. 57 a. 5 ad 3), ibid. p. 227 (ref:22.13):
Thus, the speculative intellect needn't agree with the practical intellect (prudence) for there to be moral certitude, nor can the speculative and practical intellects' possible disagreement in a particular case prove that God's laws have exceptions, as Amoris Lætitia ch. 8 "Accompanying, Discerning, and Integrating Weakness," § "Rules and discernment," ¶304, which quotes Summa Theologiae, I-II, q. 94, art. 4. ["Whether the natural law is the same in all men?"] to blasphemously insinuates: that God's universal, "general law or rule" can have exceptions:
It is reductive simply to consider whether or not an individual's actions correspond to a general law or rule, because that is not enough to discern and ensure full fidelity to God in the concrete life of a human being. I earnestly ask that we always recall a teaching of Saint Thomas Aquinas and learn to incorporate it in our pastoral discernment:
"Although there is necessity in the general principles, the more we descend to matters of detail, the more frequently we encounter defects... In matters of action, truth or practical rectitude is not the same for all, as to matters of detail, but only as to the general principles; and where there is the same rectitude in matters of detail, it is not equally known to all... The principle will be found to fail, according as we descend further into detail."
It is true that general rules set forth a good which can never be disregarded or neglected, but in their formulation they cannot provide absolutely for all particular situations. At the same time, it must be said that, precisely for that reason, what is part of a practical discernment in particular circumstances cannot be elevated to the level of a rule. That would not only lead to an intolerable casuistry, but would endanger the very values which must be preserved with special care.
As
notes (p. 515 n. 17):,
It is curious that the apostolic exhortation [Amoris Lætitia] does not allude to the theme of epikeia or equity (aequitas). See STh II–II, q. 120; and V Nic. Ethic., lect. 16 […]. Epikeia is the virtue that renders a person apt to choose that which is just even when the just thing in question is contrary to the letter of a law that cannot take into account all circumstances. But this "equitable" transgression of a particular law is always made with reference to a higher law: the intention of the legislator and, in the final analysis, the intention of God manifested in the natural law (which is why the natural law is never "dispensable" in its first principles).
This is the point +Fellay makes at circa 13 min. into this lecture:
God, when he makes a law, knows absolutely all the circumstances in which we will be. When men make laws, they cannot see all the situations, and so that's why men make exceptions. Look at the traffic light. Everybody knows if it is red you stop, but also everybody knows that if the fireman, if the ambulance, if the police gets through, they get through. They make an exception [epikeia] because the law which is given to regulate the traffic, so to have good traffic at that moment, encounters another law, which is to save a person or save maybe a city […] and because of a higher reason, you suspend this law for that case, so you make an exception. […] With this "contextual" thing, they try to put exceptions in God's law. That's exactly what they did with the blessing of same-sex [unions]. They say […] that God has forgotten some situations, which would be directly a heresy and of course blasphemy, but with this they demolish the whole moral[ity]. You understand that the whole morality is demolished then you no longer know what is good and what is bad.
The Order of Things: The Realism of the Principle of Finality is an exploration of the metaphysical principle, “Every agent acts for an end.”In the first part, Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange sets forth the basics of the Aristotelian metaphysics of teleology, defending its place as a central point of metaphysics. After defending its per se nota character, he summarizes a number of main corollaries to the principle, primarily within the perspective established by traditional Thomistic accounts of metaphysics, doing so in a way that is pedagogically sensitive yet speculatively profound.
In the second half of The Order of Things, Garrigou-Lagrange gathers together a number of articles which he had written, each having some connection with themes concerning teleology. Thematically, the texts consider the finality and teleology of the human intellect and will, along with the way that the principle of finality sheds light on certain problems associated with the distinction between faith and reason. Finally, the text ends with an important essay on the principle of the mutual interdependence of causes, causae ad invicem sunt causae, sed in diverso genere.
cites Duhem's Aim & Structure of Physical Theory
cf. Patrick M. Wood, Technocracy Rising: The Trojan Horse of Global Transformation
Algorithms have risen to become one, if not the central technology for producing, circulating, and evaluating knowledge in multiple societal arenas. In this book, scholars from the social sciences, humanities, and computer science argue that this shift has, and will continue to have, profound implications for how knowledge is produced and what and whose knowledge is valued and deemed valid. To attend to this fundamental change, the authors propose the concept of algorithmic regimes and demonstrate how they transform the epistemological, methodological, and political foundations of knowledge production, sensemaking, and decision-making in contemporary societies. Across sixteen chapters, the volume offers a diverse collection of contributions along three perspectives on algorithmic regimes: the methods necessary to research and design algorithmic regimes, the ways in which algorithmic regimes reconfigure sociotechnical interactions, and the politics engrained in algorithmic regimes.
How students get the materials they need as opportunities for higher education expand but funding shrinks.
From the top down, Shadow Libraries [e.g., Anna's Archive, currently the 🌎's largest] explores the institutions that shape the provision of educational materials, from the formal sector of universities and publishers to the broadly informal ones organized by faculty, copy shops, student unions, and students themselves. It looks at the history of policy battles over access to education in the post–World War II era and at the narrower versions that have played out in relation to research and textbooks, from library policies to book subsidies to, more recently, the several “open” publication models that have emerged in the higher education sector.
From the bottom up, Shadow Libraries explores how, simply, students get the materials they need. It maps the ubiquitous practice of photocopying and what are—in many cases—the more marginal ones of buying books, visiting libraries, and downloading from unauthorized sources. It looks at the informal networks that emerge in many contexts to share materials, from face-to-face student networks to Facebook groups, and at the processes that lead to the consolidation of some of those efforts into more organized archives that circulate offline and sometimes online— the shadow libraries of the title. If Alexandra Elbakyan's Sci-Hub is the largest of these efforts to date, the more characteristic part of her story is the prologue: the personal struggle to participate in global scientific and educational communities, and the recourse to a wide array of ad hoc strategies and networks when formal, authorized means are lacking. If Elbakyan's story has struck a chord, it is in part because it brings this contradiction in the academic project into sharp relief—universalist in principle and unequal in practice. Shadow Libraries is a study of that tension in the digital era.
Contributors Balázs Bodó, Laura Czerniewicz, Miroslaw Filiciak, Mariana Fossatti, Jorge Gemetto, Eve Gray, Evelin Heidel, Joe Karaganis, Lawrence Liang, Pedro Mizukami, Jhessica Reia, Alek Tarkowski
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License .
5th ed.
"Who first said: 'Never deny, seldom affirm, always distinguish'?" answer cites:
Matteo Liberatore: Institutiones philosophicæ (Prati 1883) vol. 1, 100 [PDF p. ? — I can't find it here!]:
Sæpe nega, concede parum, distingue frequenter
[Often deny, seldom concede, frequently distinguish]
A clear-eyed examination of the open access movement: past history, current conflicts, and future possibilities.
Open access (OA) could one day put the sum of human knowledge at our fingertips. But the goal of allowing everyone to read everything faces fierce resistance. In Athena Unbound , Peter Baldwin offers an up-to-date look at the ideals and history behind OA, and unpacks the controversies that arise when the dream of limitless information slams into entrenched interests in favor of the status quo. In addition to providing a clear analysis of the debates, Baldwin focuses on thorny issues such as copyright and ways to pay for “free” knowledge. He also provides a roadmap that would make OA economically viable and, as a result, advance one of humanity’s age-old ambitions.
Baldwin addresses the arguments in terms of disseminating scientific research, the history of intellectual property and copyright, and the development of the university and research establishment. As he notes, the hard sciences have already created a funding model that increasingly provides open access, but at the cost of crowding out the humanities. Baldwin proposes a new system that would shift costs from consumers to producers and free scholarly knowledge from the paywalls and institutional barriers that keep it from much of the world.
Rich in detail and free of jargon, Athena Unbound is an essential primer on the state of the global open access movement.
Included in Forbe s ' s the Best Higher Education Books of 2023
“Baldwin supports his assertions about current trends with plenty of evidence. His book contains 68 pages of notes to an amazing variety of sources, and he relies heavily on quantitative arguments, many of them surprising…. The greatest change is the cause that Baldwin defends convincingly throughout his book: open access. … Baldwin makes a strong case that their [humanities and social science scholars’] work, along with that of scientists, should be treated as a public good like clean air and highways… Baldwin is correct: the more open access, the better.”
— the New York Review of Books
“ Athena Unbound: How and Why Scholarly Knowledge Should Be Free To All by UCLA research professor of history Peter Baldwin argues for open access to scholarly knowledge, claiming that while the cost of such expansion is significant, it’s within reach if sufficient funds are repurposed. Baldwin covers the history of open access and related concepts like public domain, copyright, intellectual property rights, research funding, and knowledge creation. He discusses how to deal with the thorny differences in scientific research dissemination versus publication in the humanities and social sciences. Well-written, with plenty of wit and insight along the way.”
— Forbes
"For those already well-versed in the open access community, you know that there is an abundance of literature covering the theory, economics, and sociological dimensions of OA. But, it’s easy to lose the forest for the trees. Athena Unbound stands out by providing a comprehensive, high-level explanation of how we have reached the current state of open access affairs."
**—AuthorsAlliance.org
** "A historian at UCLA and Global Professor at NYU probes the aim of open access (“a visionary quest whose ultimate ambition is an absolute: All knowledge should be freely available to anyone anywhere”) and the practical and other obstacles that hinder its realization. Important, at a time when institutions are creating ever more intellectual property of immense economic and social value. Practicing what he professes, his book is open access."
**—Harvard Magazine
** "There is a longstanding call to make scholarship free to all, known as the open access movement. Baldwin argues that this time when AI and ChatGPT are reshaping information could be a turning point that speeds up the move to open up scholarship. Baldwin’s latest book, Athena Unbound: Why and How Scholarly Knowledge Should Be Free for All , looks at the history and future of the open access movement. And fittingly, his publisher made a version of the book available free online."
**—EdSurge
** "Baldwin (UCLA and NYU) describes the challenges of open access for humanities disciplines and also the possibilities for making scholarship open access. He points to Latin America’s success in making the transition to open access through government funding and the SciELO publishing network. He explores what it would take to digitize the public domain and out-of-print books and articles of the world. Baldwin is a professor of history, and his cross-disciplinary knowledge of scholarship in the humanities provides a perspective rarely seen in the literature on open access, a literature often dominated by scholars of the social sciences and so-called hard sciences. He omits insight into the market for scholarly literature that a professional librarian could provide. For example, in his calculations of the amount libraries spend annually on monographs, he uses an NCES “one-time expenditures” figure, which also includes serial back-files and audiovisual purchases, meaning he significantly overestimates the amount academic libraries spend on monographs. However, the book contributes a valuable humanist perspective to the existing understanding of the open-access ecosystem. Baldwin's polished prose marks him as a writer who cares about aesthetics as well as content in composition. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, faculty, professionals."
— CHOICE
“In Athena Unbound , Peter Baldwin offers an admirably pragmatic yet principled approach to the perennial problem of encouraging both the production and distribution of knowledge.”
—Paul Romer, Nobel Laureate and University Professor, NYU
“Peter Baldwin’s provocative book offers a comprehensive and historically rich account of the complex ecosystem of knowledge creation and dissemination. This book is an elixir that authors, readers, and publishers will relish.”
—Pamela Samuelson, Richard M. Sherman Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of School Information, UC Berkeley; Codirector, Berkeley Center for Law & Technology; Cofounder, Authors Alliance
“By bringing a richly engaging historical perspective to the public right to research, Peter Baldwin weaves, with wit and eloquence, a compelling case for making this right an online reality.”
—John Willinsky, author of Copyright’s Broken Promise: How to Restore the Law’s Ability to Promote the Progress of Science (MIT Press)
“Few people are shaking up the world of scholarly publishing as much as Peter Baldwin. This erudite and historically informed volume is a must-read for those who would know why.”
—Martin Paul Eve, Professor, Birkbeck College, University of London; author of Open Access and the Humanities: Contexts, Controversies, and the Future
“This book provides a masterful scholarly overview of publication trends in the digital age, and a thoughtful analysis of where we may be headed.”
—Paul Ginsparg, Professor of Physics and Information Science, Cornell University
Peter Baldwin is Professor of History at UCLA, and Global Distinguished Professor at NYU. His recent books are Command and Persuade: Crime, Law, and the State across History (MIT Press); Fighting the First Wave: Why the Coronavirus Was Tackled So Differently across the Globe ; and The Copyright Wars: Three Centuries of Trans-Atlantic Battle. He serves on the boards of the New York Public Library, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Wikimedia Endowment, the Central European University, the Danish Institute of Advanced Studies, and as chair of the Board of the Center for Jewish History.
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding and support from the author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .
"Whose Book is it Anyway? is a provocative collection of essays that opens out the copyright debate to questions of open access, ethics, and creativity. It includes views - such as artist's perspectives, writer's perspectives, feminist, and international perspectives - that are too often marginalized or elided altogether. The diverse range of contributors take various approaches, from the scholarly and the essayistic to the graphic, to explore the future of publishing based on their experiences as publishers, artists, writers and academics. Considering issues such as intellectual property, copyright and comics, digital publishing and remixing, and what it means (not) to say one is an author, these vibrant essays urge us to view central aspects of writing and publishing in a new light. Whose Book is it Anyway? is a timely and varied collection of essays. It asks us to reconceive our understanding of publishing, copyright and open access, and it is essential reading for anyone invested in the future of publishing.
"--Publisher's website.
pp. 364-5 (PDF pp. 380-1):
The Open Society Institute, a social justice initiative founded by billionaire George Soros [I agree with what something Soros founded says‽ 😱], describes the basic tenets of this open and accessible Internet:
“By ‘open access’ [...] we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”*
*Cited in Ann Bartow, ‘Open Access, Law, Knowledge, Copyrights, Dominance and Subordination’, Lewis & Clark Law Review, 10.4 (2006), 869–84 (pp. 873–74).
xxv, 170 pages : 23 cm
Originally published in 1952, this study of the medieval Italian city of Orvieto details the growth and survival of the city in a time of great development and political upheaval. Waley charts the city's territorial disputes with the Papacy, the machinations of its various elites and the eventual downfall of its democracy in the face of conquest. This book will be of value to all scholars of medieval Italy in general and of Orvieto specifically.
"The ancient city (urbs vetus in Latin, whence "Orvieto"), populated since Etruscan times, has usually been associated with Etruscan Velzna, but some modern scholars differ. Orvieto was certainly a major centre of Etruscan civilization; the archaeological museum (Museo Claudio Faina e Museo Civico) houses some of the Etruscan artefacts that have been recovered in the immediate neighbourhood. An interesting survival that might show the complexity of ethnic relations in ancient Italy and how such relations could be peaceful, is the inscription on a tomb in the Orvieto Cannicella necropolis: mi aviles katacinas, "I am of Avile Katacina", with an Etruscan-Latin first name (Aulus) and a family name that is believed to be of Celtic ("Catacos") origin."--Wikipedia
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-164) and index
Cited in the notes of Dominican Penitent Women: The Legend of Giovanna of Orvieto (1264–✝1306; ref:11.1-146). Orvieto "had one of the oldest Dominican convents in Italy, founded in 1220" (ibid. n. 14, ref:20.189), at which St. Thomas Aquinas stayed and preached for 3 years while he finished his Summa contra Gentiles.
cited in Ed Peters's 1917 Code of Canon Law transl., n. 2550 (ref:2575.1) regarding 1917 canon 2335 (ref:24.1134; cf. 1983 CIC 1374):
Those giving their name to masonic sects or other associations [e.g., the Communist Party or, a fortiori, the Democrat Party] of this sort that machinate against the Church or legitimate civil powers contract by that fact excommunication simply reserved to the Apostolic See.
cited in Ed Peters's 1917 Code of Canon Law transl., n. 2550 (ref:2575.1) regarding 1917 canon 2335 (ref:24.1134; cf. 1983 CIC 1374):
Those giving their name to masonic sects or other associations of this sort that machinate against the Church or legitimate civil powers contract by that fact excommunication simply reserved to the Apostolic See.
Doesn't mention excommunication due to membership in the Communist party, this more recent one does:
ch. 1. Definition and division
ch. 2. The condemnations
ch. 3. The faithful and societies, approved and condemned
ch. 4. Penalties for joining anti-social sects
ch. 5. Disabilities of members of anti-social societies
ch. 6. Books defending anti-social societies condemned ipso jure
ch. 7. Members of secret societies and the right of patronage
ch. 8. Disabilities of members of all condemned societies
ch. 9. Absolution and passive membership
I discovered this "history of the Dominican penitent order" in Dominican Penitent Women ref:8.4.
OCRed
École Sociale Populaire, janvier 1938, n° 288.
English translation in: Denis Fahey, C.S.Sp., The Church & Farming
Join the technological revolution that's taking the financial world by storm. Mastering Bitcoin is your guide through the seemingly complex world of Bitcoin, providing the knowledge you need to participate in the internet of money. Whether you're building the next killer app, investing in a startup, or simply curious about the technology, this revised and expanded third edition provides essential detail to get you started.
Bitcoin, the first successful decentralized digital currency, has already spawned a multibillion-dollar global economy open to anyone with the knowledge and passion to participate. Mastering Bitcoin provides the knowledge. You supply the passion.
The third edition includes:
Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a best-selling author, speaker, educator, and highly sought-after expert in Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies. He is known for making complex subjects easy to understand and highlight both the positive and negative impacts these technologies can have on our global societies. As an educator, his mission is to educate as many people as possible, in as many places as possible, in as many languages as possible, about the historical, technological, and socio-economic impacts of Bitcoin and open blockchain technologies.
Andreas has served as a teaching fellow for the free Introduction to Digital Currencies course offered to the public at the University of Nicosia. Along with co-authoring the course curriculum, Andreas has also written two best-selling technical books for programmers, Mastering Bitcoin, and Mastering Ethereum. He has published The Internet of Money series of books, which focus on the social, political, and economic importance and implications of these technologies. In addition to these books, he has authored hundreds of syndicated articles on security, cloud computing, and data centers; and is a frequent speaker at technology and security conferences worldwide. His live talks are always unique, unscripted, and combine economics, psychology, technology, and game theory with current events, personal anecdotes, and historical precedent.
Andreas has been interviewed by ABC, BBC, Bloomberg, CBS, CNBC, CNN, NBC, and Financial Times for his industry expertise. He has been a repeat guest on The Joe Rogan Experience and London Real. He has been featured in numerous documentary films, and is a permanent host on the Speaking of Bitcoin podcast with more than 400 episodes recorded to date. He also released his own podcast called Unscrypted which was taken from his most popular talks. He has appeared as an expert witness in legal cases and regulatory hearings around the world, including the Australian Senate Banking Committee and the Canadian Senate Commerce, Banking and Finance Committee.
Currently, Andreas is working on his sixth book and third technical work, Mastering the Lightning Network.
David A. Harding is a technical writer focused on creating documentation for open source software. Co-author of the Bitcoin Optech weekly newsletter (2018-23), 21.co Bitcoin Computer tutorials (2015-17), and Bitcoin.org developer documentation (2014-15). Brink.dev grant committee member (2022-23) and former board member (2020-22). Previously worked freelance (2007-15).
EPUB generated from the GitHub edition with
a2x -f epub book.adoc -d book -L
Command courtesy bclermont on GitHub.
Prima edizione 2013.
L’AUTORE
Il domenicano francese Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1877-1964),autore di importanti opere di filosofia della conoscenza, di teologia dogmatica e di spiritualità, è una figura di spicco del movimento neo tomistico promosso da papa Leone XIII nel 1879 con l’enciclica Aeterni Patris. Agli inizi del Novecento polemizzò con gli studiosi cattolici favorevoli alle tesi del modernismo teologico, condannato da san Pio X nel 1907 con l’enciclica Pascendi. Influì sulla decisione di Jacques Maritain di allontanarsi dalla scuola di Henri Bergson per unirsi ad altri filosofi francesi, come Étienne Gilson, impegnati a recuperare il realismo metafisico di Tommaso d’Aquino. Garrigou-Lagrange ha insegnato per molti anni a Roma, presso l’Ateneo “Angelicum”, dove ha anche diretto la tesi dottorale di Karol Wojtyla,il futuro papa Giovanni Paolo II.
DESTINATARI
Studiosi di filosofia e di teologia, sacerdoti, catechisti, docenti di Religione cattolica.
L’OPERA
Dal punto di vista storico-filosofico, questo denso trattato di Garrigou-Lagrange costituisce un’importante novità in seno al movimento neotomistico, in quanto porta al centro della questione critica la nozione moderna di “senso comune”, mai tematizzata nel tomismo classico. Anche dal punto di vista teologico-fondamentale l’opera è stata e resta un decisivo contributo all’ermeneutica del dogma,avendo dimostrato come sia impossibile l’unità nella fede senza un’univoca e giustificata interpretazione delle formule dogmatiche, interpretazione che a sua volta non è possibile se non si tiene conto del contenuto metafisico delle verità soprannaturali, materialmente coincidente con le certezze naturali del senso comune, e quindi rapportabili a quelle premesse razionali della fede nella Rivelazione che Tommaso d’Aquino denomina “praeambula fidei”.
good assortment of fallacies
If you are an Expert, professional, bureaucrat, teacher, professor, Democrat or Republican, liberal, progressive or conservative, consider yourself in any way in the educated classes, the odds are high that everything you believe is wrong.
Not everything. Not simple things. Only the most important things. If you are in the majority, then a great deal of what you hold true about the world and of life is false.
Here is a small sample of things that majority of educated believe are false, but which are instead true: Science cannot answer every question put to it; It is not always right to correct a wrong; There is no wisdom in crowds; A consensus among elite academics does not prove the belief of the elite academics is true; That you are offended is irrelevant to whether a proposition is true or false; Defining yourself as your sexual desire is nonsensical; Voting does not make the majority position right and the minority position wrong; Voting is a leading cause of discord; Democracy is rarely to be desired; You cannot choose to believe you do not have free will; God exists.
These are only some of the ideas and arguments explored in this book. The majority, and that means likely you, are wrong about all of them. This is no idle claim. It will be proved chapter by chapter.
Every bad or invalid or unsound argument contains a fallacy or mistake in thinking. Nobody knows the complete list of ways thought can go wrong, and it has even been surmised such a list is endless. History supports this contention. There is ample reason to believe the human race is congenitally insane.
Some mistakes are more common than others. Every age has its own favorite forays into fiction, driven by fashion, fad, and fantasy, all of which are enforced by the culture's self-appointed Watchers. The balance of truth versus error shifts in time, yet the current age is more eager than average to ferret away any shiny object it finds and call it precious.
Fallacies therefore have tremendous inertia. Some mental misconstructions are permanent fixtures. I have evocative and memorable nicknames, at least for speakers of English, of the most popular and important fallacies of our day. We step through each, showing how it is false.
Here are just a few of our age's favorite fallacies: Controversial Fallacy, Non-Fallacy Fallacy, Appeal to Non-Authority, So Yer's Old Man, Bluff & Bluster Fallacy, You Bigot Fallacy, Hate Speech Fallacy, Bureaucrat Fallacy, One True Spartacus Fallacy, Wisdom of Crowds Fallacy, I Can't See Another Way Fallacy; many, many others, including the ever-popular Meta Fallacy. This is a fallacy that says a thing is true because it is a fallacy. Strange as it seems, it is most convincing.
More at https://wmbriggs.com
On 24 May 1497 Girolamo Savonarola was led out to a scaffold in the middle of the Piazza della Signoria. Crowds gathered around and watched as he was publically humiliated before being hanged and burned. But what did this man do that warranted such a horrendous death? Born on 21 September 1458 in Ferrara, Girolamo Savonarola would join the Dominican order of friars and find his way to the city of Florence. Run by the Medici family, the city was used to opulence and fast living but when the unassuming Dominican showed up, the people were unaware that he was about to take their world by storm. Preaching before the people of Florence to an increasingly packed out Cathedral, Savonarola came to be called a prophet. And when Charles VIII invaded Italy with his French army, one of his so called prophecies came true. It was enough for the people to sit up and take note, allowing this man to become the defacto ruler of Florence. Except Girolamo Savonarola made one very fatal mistake – he made an enemy of Alexander VI, the Borgia Pope, by preaching against his corruption and attempting to overthrow him. It would prove to be his ultimate undoing – the Pope turned the Florentines who had so loved the friar against him and he ended his days hanging above a raging inferno.
St. Birgitta of Sweden was St. Catherine of Siena's precursor in the reform movement of the papacy; cf. Luongo, Saintly Politics of St. Catherine of Siena.
Analyzing the renowned Saint Birgitta of Sweden from the perspectives of power, authority, and gender, this probing study investigates how Birgitta went about establishing her influence during the first ten years of her career as a living saint, in 1340–1349.
Reviews
"Focused and meticulously researched, Power and Sainthood addresses the idea of holiness in action as St. Birgitta began to assert her authority in the formative years of her life as a mystic and visionary. Salmesvuori gives a grounded view of what Birgitta was like as both a woman and human being, but - very wisely - stops short of making any generalized character judgments . . . A truly interesting take on Birgitta." - Bridget Morris, Independent Scholar, York, UK
"Salmesvuori succeeds in showing how this remarkable woman from the northern fringe of Europe was able to establish a personal authority that made princes, priests, and popes listen to her. After reading this book, few will be inclined anymore to say that Birgitta was guided by her father confessors. It was clearly the other way around." - Stephan Borgehammar, Professor of Practical Theology, Lund University, Sweden
"Salmesvuori offers fresh insights into how Birgitta established her reputation as a living saint in mid-fourteenth century Sweden. Carefully attending to historical chronology, Salmesvuori provides new interpretations of Birgitta's early revelations in light of key theories about the public performance of religious power. She cogently demonstrates that Birgitta exercised spiritual authority through repeated negotiations with her audience and attracted followers even earlier than scholars usually recognize. This study is a valuable contribution to our understanding of gender, power, and sanctity in the later Middle Ages." - Claire L. Sahlin, Professor of Women's Studies, Texas Woman's University, USA
Päivi Salmesvuori, ThD, is Adjunct Professor in the General Church History and Gender Studies at Church History at the Faculty of Theology in the University of Helsinki, Finland. She has specialized in issues pertaining on gender, power, and religion. Her next book Power and Sainthood: Birgitta of Sweden and her Revelations will be published by Palgrave Macmillan.
cited in: Jung, Elżbieta. “Intension and Remission of Forms.” In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, edited by Henrik Lagerlund, 551–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011.
Theology and the Scientific Imagination is a pioneering work of intellectual history that transformed our understanding of the relationship between Christian theology and the development of science. Distinguished scholar Amos Funkenstein explores the metaphysical foundations of modern science and shows how, by the 1600s, theological and scientific thinking had become almost one. Major figures like Descartes, Leibniz, Newton, and others developed an unprecedented secular theology whose debt to medieval and scholastic thought shaped the trajectory of the scientific revolution. The book ends with Funkenstein’s influential analysis of the seventeenth century’s “unprecedented fusion” of scientific and religious language. Featuring a new foreword, Theology and the Scientific Imagination is a pathbreaking and classic work that remains a fundamental resource for historians and philosophers of science.
"Theology and the Scientific Imagination should be read by every historian of science. I can also hardly imagine a philosopher of science who would remain indifferent to the roots of modern thinking. The reading of this book gives one a deep intellectual pleasure: to follow adventures in ideas is like experiencing the adventures themselves." --Michael Heller, Review of Metaphysics
"A bold study of ideas . . . bristling with insight and perceptive reinterpretation of familiar episodes in the history of natural philosophy." --David C. Lindberg, Journal of the History of Medicine
"Powerful. . . . Liberation from naive conceptions of historical continuity gives Funkenstein leave to concentrate on a finely nuanced exegesis of those philosophers who fall within his purview. The result is a work of discernment and distinction." --J. H. Brooke, Times Higher Education Supplement
"Theology and the Scientific Imagination should be read by every historian of science. I can also hardly imagine a philosopher of science who would remain indifferent to the roots of modern thinking. The reading of this book gives one a deep intellectual pleasure: to follow adventures in ideas is like experiencing the adventures themselves." ―Michael Heller, Review of Metaphysics
"A bold study of ideas . . . bristling with insight and perceptive reinterpretation of familiar episodes in the history of natural philosophy." ―David C. Lindberg, Journal of the History of Medicine
"Powerful. . . . Liberation from naive conceptions of historical continuity gives Funkenstein leave to concentrate on a finely nuanced exegesis of those philosophers who fall within his purview. The result is a work of discernment and distinction." ―J. H. Brooke, Times Higher Education Supplement
Amos Funkenstein (1937–95) was the Koret Professor of Jewish History and University Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Mazer Chair in the History and Philosophy of Science at Tel Aviv University. He authored seven books and more than fifty scholarly articles in four languages, and received the Israel Prize in History, the highest honor bestowed by the State of Israel. Jonathan Sheehan is professor of history and director of the Berkeley Center for the Study of Religion at the University of California, Berkeley.
By Amos Funkenstein
Copyright © 1986 Princeton University Press
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-691-18135-6
PREFACE, ix,
ABBREVIATIONS, xi,
FOREWORD, xiii,
I. INTRODUCTION, 3,
A. A Secular Theology, 3,
B. The Themes, 10,
C. A Differential History, 12,
D. Ideas and Ideals of Science, 18,
II. GOD'S OMNIPRESENCE, GOD'S BODY, AND FOUR IDEALS OF SCIENCE, 23,
A. The Body of God, 23,
B. The Original Setting of the Ideals, 31,
C. A Short History of God's Corporeality and Presence, 42,
D. Late Medieval Nominalism and Renaissance Philosophy, 57,
E. Descartes and More, 72,
F. Hobbes, Spinoza, and Malebranche, 80,
G. Newton, 89,
H. Leibniz, 97,
III. DIVINE OMNIPOTENCE AND LAWS OF NATURE, 117,
A. Omnipotence and Nature, 117,
B. Potentia Dei Absoluta et Ordinata, 124,
C. Ideal Experiments and the Laws of Motion, 152,
D. Descartes, Eternal Truths, and Divine Omnipotence, 179,
E. Newton and Leibniz, 192,
IV. DIVINE PROVIDENCE AND THE COURSE OF HISTORY, 202,
A. The Invisible Hand and the Concept of History, 202,
B. "Scripture Speaks the Language of Man": The Exegetical Principle of Accommodation, 213,
C. Accommodation and the Divine Law, 222,
D. Accommodation and the Course of Universal History, 243,
E. History, Counter-History, and Secularization, 271,
F. Vico's Secularized Providence and His "New Science", 279,
V. DIVINE AND HUMAN KNOWLEDGE: KNOWING BY DOING, 290,
A. A New Ideal of Knowing, 290,
B. Construction and Metabasis, Mathematization and Mechanization, 299,
C. The Construction of Nature and the Construction of Society, 327,
VI. CONCLUSION: FROM SECULAR THEOLOGY TO THE ENLIGHTENMENT, 346,
A. Kant and the De-Theologization of Science, 346,
B. Enlightenment and Education, 357,
C. Theology and Science, 360,
BIBLIOGRAPHY, 365,
INDEX, 401,
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. A SECULAR THEOLOGY
A new and unique approach to matters divine, a secular theology of sorts, emerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to a short career. It was secular in that it was conceived by laymen for laymen. Galileo and Descartes, Leibniz and Newton, Hobbes and Vico were either not clergymen at all or did not acquire an advanced degree in divinity. They were not professional theologians, and yet they treated theological issues at length. Their theology was secular also in the sense that it was oriented toward the world, ad seculum. The new sciences and scholarship, they believed, made the traditional modes of theologizing obsolete; a good many professional theologians agreed with them about that. Never before or after were science, philosophy, and theology seen as almost one and the same occupation. True, secular theologians seldom composed systematic theological treatises for the use of theological faculties; some of them, mainly the Catholic, pretended to abstain from issues of sacred doctrine; but they dealt with most classical theological issues — God, the Trinity, spirits, demons, salvation, the Eucharist. Their discussions constituted theology inasmuch as they were not confined to the few truths that the "natural light" of reason can establish unaided by revelation — God's existence perhaps, or the immortality of the soul. Secular theology was much more than just a theologia naturalis. Leibniz, the secular theologian par excellence, planned a comprehensive and sympathetic study on "Catholic demonstrations" of dogmas. Not only was he a layman, but also a Protestant.
The secularization of theology — even in the simplest, first sense: that theological discussions were carried on by laymen — is a fact of fundamental social and cultural importance. It can be accounted for only by a variety of complementary explanations.
During the thirteenth century theology became both a distinct discipline and a protected profession; neither was the case earlier. Prior to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the term "theology" was ambiguous; it stood both for the word of God (the Scriptures) and for words about God, that is, any kind of discourse on matters divine. Soon after the beginnings of its systematization, theology was established as a protected profession in the nascent universities. It was, in fact, doubly protected from the incursions of laymen. By and large, every science except medicine and sometimes law was taught by clergymen, regular and secular. But ordination and even the right to teach the arts (philosophy) did not suffice to teach theology, that is, commence with lectures on Lombard's Book of Sentences, without acquiring the proper degree.
Even though medieval philosophers could not avoid discussing matters divine, they were careful not to call by the name of theology those truths about God and the heavens accessible to mere reason. It is significant that, unlike the classical tradition, they avoided the term theologia naturalis and were careful not to call the ancient pagan philosophers "theologians," even while admiring their monotheism as praeparatio evangelica. Theology became a term reserved for supernatural knowledge. When, in the fourteenth century, Buridan suggested elimination of separate intelligences from the explanation of the motion of heavenly bodies — he favored an initial impetus instead, which keeps the heavenly bodies moving in perpetuity — he hastened to add: "But this I do not say assertively, but rather so that I might seek from the theological masters what they may teach me in these matters." Buridan was only an artist (that is, a teacher of philosophy).
The first protective belt around theology eroded slowly, almost imperceptibly, in the sixteenth century, when ever more disciplines in the universities ceased to be taught by clergymen. Nor did the university remain the only center of research and scientific communication: courts, academies, and printers became places of meeting and sources of sustenance. The rising number of educated laymen, as a reading public, as authors, and as teachers, was bound to increase instances of trespassing into the domain of theology; the case of Galileo was not unique, only the most scandalous.
The second protective belt around theology as a profession eroded with the spread of religious movements in the later Middle Ages, and collapsed with the spread of Protestantism. Of the authority of the Holy Church, Augustine once said that, unless moved by it, he would not even believe the Sacred Scriptures. The counterclaim of the Reformation — sola scriptura, sola gratia, sola fide — secured knowledge of God and access to him without the mediation of a priestly hierarchy. Protestants were encouraged, in various degrees, to read the Scriptures for themselves and to be for themselves ministers of grace. Theology became "secularized" in many parts of Europe in the original sense of the word: appropriated by laymen.
Again under the impact of Protestantism, theology became secularized in yet a deeper sense. To various degrees, it encouraged the sacralization of the world, even of "everyday life." Human labor in hoc seculo was not perceived anymore as a mere preparation for the future life; it acquired its own religious value in that, if well done, it increases God's honor. So also does the study of this world, by exposing the ingenuity of its creator. The world, too, was not perceived as a transitory stage. It became in and of itself, as indeed attested to by the Scriptures, "very good" (Gen. 1:31), if not outright sacred. The world turned into God's temple, and the layman into its priests.
Finally, the barriers separating various scientific disciplines were fundamental to the peripatetic program of systematic knowledge. Within the Aristotelian and Scholastic tradition, it was forbidden to transplant methods and models from one area of knowledge to another, because it would lead to a category-mistake. This injunction suited the social reality of medieval universities well, separating theology from philosophy to the benefit of both; but it eroded considerably from the fourteenth century, when mathematical consideration started to be heavily introduced into physics, and even into ethics and theology. What was a methodological sin to Aristotle became a recommended virtue in the seventeenth century. Since then we have been urged to transport models from mathematics to physics and from physics to psychology or social theory. The ideal of a system of our entire knowledge founded on one method was born. Aristotle never entertained it; neither did Scholasticism. Indeed, the very word "system" stood, until the seventeenth century, not for a set of interdependent propositions but for a set of things — for example, systema mundi or systema corporis. The ideal of one, unified system of knowledge could hardly exclude theological matters, down to Spinoza's treatment of God more geometrico. These are some of the reasons why God ceased to be the monopoly of theologians even in Catholic quarters.
The Catholic response to the secularization of the divine seldom restored the fine medieval balance between philosophy and theology. To the contrary, whenever skeptical or fideistic arguments were invoked to undermine the faith in unaided reason, the medieval understanding of theology as a rational endeavor (albeit proceeding from premises inaccessible to the lumen naturale ) was also undermined. Montaigne's "Apology for Raymond Sebund" is an excellent example of these opposing trends — the defense of the theologian's reserve as well as (against the theologian's wishes) the secularization of theological issues. Sebund's extreme claims for the evidence of natural theology (this name was given to the book later) were censured by the Church. Montaigne believed he would be even better able to defend the Church if he were to destroy (as did Hume later) the notion that there exists an innate, self-evident core of theological truths. Man, by no means superior to brutes either emotionally or intellectually, needs a supernatural source of guidance even in daily, mundane affairs. The value of Sebund's natural theology can at best be relative: sometimes it may serve polemics. The only plausible proof for the veracity of Christianity that Montaigne elaborates at length is taken from the irrational rather than rational domain, and may be called an ethnographic proof: "I have often marveled to see, at a very great distance in time and place, the coincidence between a great number of fabulous popular opinions and savage customs and beliefs, which do not yet seem from any angle to be connected with our natural reason" — such as circumcision, the cross as sacred symbol, stories of primordial mankind, of an original sin, of a flood. "These empty shadows of our religion that are seen in some of these examples testify to its dignity and divinity," and they do so precisely because they are not accountable by reason. Montaigne turned natural theology on its head while using some if its own ancient arguments. Previously, some of these "coincidences" were invoked to show that polytheism and fetishism were just historical perversions of man's original, natural monotheism. Montaigne denies it, denies that anima naturaliter Christiana. He believes that the "light of reason" only leads to confusion, to a Babel of creeds.
Yet Montaigne himself was a layman. Moreover, he unwillingly shared with Sebund the urge to abolish the demarcation line between natural and supernatural knowledge — although with opposite intents. Throughout the following century, the zeal for the defense of the doctrinal authority of the Church created critical arguments more dangerous than their target. Richard Simon promoted biblical criticism to refute the claim that the Bible can be understood by itself alone, sine glossa. Jean Astruc, wishing to defend (against Spinoza) Moses' authorship of the Pentateuch, invented the most destructive tool of biblical criticism yet: the philological distinction among the various original documents from which the Masoretic text was composed, by Moses, as he believed, or by others later (as we do). How much more deadly to theology were such helpers than its enemies! Yet, without being exposed to these and other dangers, theology would never have contributed as much as it did to the sciences and letters in the seventeenth century.
Finally, the secular theology of the seventeenth century was also a distinct phenomenon inasmuch as it was not so universally accepted as to be beyond challenge and identification. Not all who had a share or interest in the advancement of the new sciences approved of it. Fellows of the Royal Society, said Sprat, "meddle no otherwise with divine Things, than only as the Power, and Wisdom, and Goodness of the creator is displayed in the admirable Order and Workmanship of the creatures. It cannot be deny'd, but it lies in the natural Philosopher's Hands, best to advance that part of Divinity; which, though it fills not the Mind with such tender and powerfull Contemplations, as that which shews us Man's Redemption by a Mediator; yet it is by no means to be pass'd by unregarded, but is an excellent Ground to establish the other. ... These two subjects, God and the Soul, being the only forborn, in all the rest they wander at their Pleasure." The separation of science from religion may have been as often demanded as it was violated; yet even those who demanded it with sincerity (rather than as a matter of prudent tactics) did not do so on medieval grounds. If previous generations distinguished between "natural" and "sacred" theology, Sprat and others distinguished between science (or philosophy) and religion: religious contemplation, albeit more "powerfull," was placed outside the boundaries of scientific discourse. Deists were soon to recognize in "natural religion" the only true religion.
My aim in the present study is not to describe the secular theology of the seventeenth century in its breadth and in its manifold manifestations; I rather chose from it a few significant themes. When Christian Oetinger, the Pietist theologian, came to deal with God's attributes, the traditions he discussed were not those of Scholastic theology — Catholic or Protestant — but those of secular theology. "The attributes of God are ordered in one way by Leibnizians, in another by Newtonians; it is not irrelevant to compare their methods." Some divine attributes and their relevance to natural science, political theory, and historical reasoning form the topic of my study. The secular theology in which these and other themes were embedded still awaits a detailed and comprehensive description as a new cultural phenomenon. My treatment of these themes is not even construed to prove the existence of a secular theology (if proof is needed) but to call to the attention of the reader the changes of connotation that some divine attributes underwent in a new intellectual climate.
B. THE THEMES
Whether or not God is immutable, our perceptions of God are not. In the following three chapters I wish to examine the changes in the meaning and usage of three divine attributes between the Middle Ages and the seventeenth century. It will serve as a convenient way to describe the changes in the nature of theological speculations vis-à-vis other disciplines — physics, history, political thought. It is also a convenient way to gauge changes in these disciplines themselves.
The divine predicates to be discussed are the omnipresence, the omnipotence, and the providence of God. They were not chosen at random. Divine predicates pose general as well as particular problems. Common to all is the problem of legitimacy of every positive mode of locution about God, or conversely, the efficiency of merely negative predicates. Of the particular problems, some are more time-bound than others. God's goodness and justice are hard to defend at all times from the vantage point of our painful world, which is the only vantage point we have. Such are not the problems I shall deal with here. I am rather concerned with those predicates that posed time-specific difficulties in the seventeenth century, and along with the difficulties opened up new opportunities of thought.
Because the seventeenth century wished language to become precise and thoroughly transparent, God's omnipresence became a problem. If it could no longer be given a symbolic or metaphorical meaning, how else could the ubiquity of God be understood, God's being "everywhere"? The problem was compounded by the new commitment of the seventeenth century to a view of nature as thoroughly homogeneous and therefore nonhierarchical. God's omnipresence became an almost physical problem for some. Never before nor after were theological and physical arguments so intimately fused together as in that century. Why this was so and how it came about is the subject of the second chapter.
Medieval theologians engaged in a new and unique genre of hypothetical reasoning. In order to expand the logical horizon of God's omnipotence as far as could be, they distinguished between that which is possible or impossible de potentia Dei absoluta as against that which is so de potentia Dei ordinata. This distinction was fleshed out with an incessant search for orders of nature different from ours which are nonetheless logically possible. Leibniz's contraposition of the nécessité logique (founded on the law of noncontradiction) and the nécessité physique (founded on the principle of sufficient reason) has its roots in these Scholastic discussions, and with it the questions about the status of laws of nature in modern philosophies of science. But medieval hypothetical reasoning did not serve future meta-theoretical discussions alone. The considerations of counterfactual orders of nature in the Middle Ages actually paved the way for the formulation of laws of nature since Galileo in the following sense: seventeenth-century science articulated some basic laws of nature as counterfactual conditionals that do not descirbe any natural state but function as heuristic limiting cases to a series of phenomena, for example, the principle of inertia. Medieval schoolmen never did so; their counterfactual yet possible orders of nature were conceived as incommensurable with the actual structure of the universe, incommensurable either in principle or because none of their entities can be given a concrete measure. But in considering them vigorously, the theological imagination prepared for the scientific. This is the theme of my third chapter.
(Continues...) Excerpted from Theology and the Scientific Imagination by Amos Funkenstein. Copyright © 1986 Princeton University Press. Excerpted by permission of PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS.
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by Seton Homeschool director Dr. Mary Kay Clark (🎩-tip MaterDominici)
Thomas Nelson's preface lists 8 advantages of homeschooling (pp. xvii-xx):
Dr. Clark's ch. 1 (pp. 1-22) argues homeschooling's advantages:
also references Home Schooling Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) (great state-by-state legal resources, which I'd heard of before) and Home Education Research Institute (NHERI) (which I'd not heard of before).
p. 93 (PDF p. 123) says "Some states, such as Virginia, have official lists of approved home schools." I can't find such lists online…
Chapters 7-8, pp. 164-213 (PDF pp. 194-243), are on the father's role in homeschooling and discipline. It emphasizes the father's need to discipline (not boost self-esteem, though that's a byproduct of good manners and discipline). Makes a good point that children should be self-disciplined by the age of 10-12 years, and that teen rebellion issues are due to not having disciplined when they were toddlers; homeschooling families note that their teens are pleasant and a big blessing!
p. 200 (PDF p. 230) recommend some books on disciplining children (by James Stenson, an experienced principal, and Steve Wood, a pro-lifer who argues that parents use contraception to avoid having more children because they think disciplining fewer is easier than having more who can help with disciplining the younger ones).
pp. 266-7 (PDF pp. 296-7) cite the article on the long-term effects of ostracism of children on their adult lives.
Jung, Elżbieta. “Intension and Remission of Forms.” In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, edited by Henrik Lagerlund, 551–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. cites Duhem, P. (1955). Études sur Leonardo de Vinci (III, pp. 314–350). Paris: F. De Nobele., which cites Sancti Thomæ Aquinatis Scriptum super primum librum Sententiarum, Lib. I, Dist. XVII, pars II, quæst. II: Utrum charitas augeatur per additionem? [Super Sent., lib. 1 d. 17 q. 2 a. 2 co.].
The second edition of the Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy is expanded and substantially revised. It is the largest reference work of medieval philosophy in English and it covers all the four language traditions, Latin, Arabic, Greek, and Hebrew, of western medieval philosophy.
The Encyclopedia covers all areas of philosophy in the Middle Ages and part of the Renaissance, ranging from 500 to 1500 CE. It contains general entries on medieval philosophers and medieval philosophies and on the key terms and concepts in the subject area, but it also provides more in-depth details and analyses of particular theories. Furthermore, in order to gain an insight into the social and cultural context of the material, entries are included on the teaching of philosophy, the career of philosophers, and the place of philosophy within the universities.
Complete with cross-references between key words and related essays to enable efficient searches, this Encyclopedia is exhaustive, unprecedented, and user-friendly. It is indispensable for scholars of medieval philosophy and Medieval Studies, and it is also useful for anyone interested in medieval ideas and thought.
Editor-in-Chief:
Henrik Lagerlund is Professor of History of Philosophy at Stockholm University in Sweden. He was previously Professor of Philosophy and Head of the Philosophy Department at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. He works primarily on Medieval and Renaissance philosophy, but has also written on Aristotle and Leibniz. He has written several articles and books, including the recent Skepticism in Philosophy: A Comprehensive, Historical Introduction (Routledge, 2020). His other publications include the books Modal Syllogistics in the Middle Ages (2000), Rethinking the History of Skepticism (2010), and Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy (2008). He is also editor of The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosophy (2017).
Section Editors for Second Edition:
Professor Cristina D’Ancona, University of Pisa, Italy
Professor Christina van Dyke, Calvin College, USA
Associate Professor Gloria Frost, University of St. Thomas, USA
Professor Katerina Ierodiakonou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Professor Jill Kraye, Warburg Institute, University of London, United Kingdom
Professor John Marenbon, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Professor Tamar Rudavsky, Ohio State University, USA
Section Editors for First Edition:
Professor Cristina D’Ancona, University of Pisa, Italy
Professor Katerina Ierodiakonou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Professor Bonnie Kent, UC Irvine, USA
Professor Peter King, University of Toronto, Canada
Professor Simo Knuuttila, University of Helsinki, Finland
Professor Jill Kraye, Warburg Institute, University of London, United Kingdom
Professor Alain de Libera, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Professor Alfonso Maierù, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Italy
Professor John Marenbon, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Professor Emeritus A. S. McGrade, University of Connecticut, US
Professor Dominik Perler, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
Professor Tamar Rudavsky, Ohio State University, USA
Professor Hans Thijssen, Radbout Universiteit Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Professor Rega Wood, Stanford University, USA
Tauler, a Dominican, was, according to Fr. Crisógono, "the greatest mystic of all who existed before the sublime Reformers of the Carmel" («el mayor místico de cuantos existieron antes de los sublimes Reformadores del Carmelo», quoted in: Theology of Christian Perfection, p. 348 // PDF p. 657 of the Spanish; cf. also Los grandes maestros de la vida espiritual pp. 229-33 // PDF pp. 239-43).
The Latin original of his excellent Sermon I for the Nativity (In Nativitate Domini) is pp. 40-4 // PDF pp. 101-105 of this 1603 ed.
Raimundo de Capua fue un religioso italiano, entró en la Orden de Predicadores (Dominicos) en 1350, en Bolonia. Fue el director espiritual de Santa Catalina de Siena, también fue profesor y superior de varios conventos. Ejerció los cargos de provincial en Lombardía en 1380 y Maestro General de la Orden. Falleció en Nurembega, en 1399. En el quinto centenario de su muerte, el papa León XIII lo beatificó
Notas de reproducción original: Edición digital basada en la de Buenos Aires, Espasa Calpe, 1947
PDF is printable booklet form with margins for comb-binding, created into 16 page (4 sheet) signatures with the command pdfbook2 -i 90 -o 15 -t 15 -b 15 --signature=16 Vida\ de\ Santa\ Catalina\ de\ Siena.pdf; cf. Traditio-OP.org's PDF ed.
German translation of Tauler's sermons
Tauler, a Dominican, was, according to Fr. Crisógono, "the greatest mystic of all who existed before the sublime Reformers of the Carmel" («el mayor místico de cuantos existieron antes de los sublimes Reformadores del Carmelo», quoted in: Theology of Christian Perfection, p. 348 // PDF p. 657 of the Spanish; cf. also Los grandes maestros de la vida espiritual pp. 229-33 // PDF pp. 239-43). Read his excellent Sermon I for the Nativity (In Nativitate Domini) (German transl.: Hofmann ed. vol. 1, pp. 13-20 // PDF pp. 34-41).
Fr. G.-L. (Three Ages pt. 1, ch. 16, § "Spiritual Reading…", §§ "Spiritual Works of the Saints", ref:31.12) recommends the "660Sermons; critical edition in German by Vetter, 1910. The Institutions were not drawn up by Tauler, but contain the summary of his doctrine."
Tauler, a Dominican, was, according to Fr. Crisógono, "the greatest mystic of all who existed before the sublime Reformers of the Carmel" («el mayor místico de cuantos existieron antes de los sublimes Reformadores del Carmelo», quoted in: Theology of Christian Perfection, p. 348 // PDF p. 657 of the Spanish; cf. also Los grandes maestros de la vida espiritual pp. 229-33 // PDF pp. 239-43). Read his excellent Sermon I for the Nativity (In Nativitate Domini).
Fr. G.-L. (Three Ages pt. 1, ch. 16, § "Spiritual Reading…", §§ "Spiritual Works of the Saints", ref:31.12) recommends the "660Sermons; critical edition in German by Vetter, 1910. The Institutions were not drawn up by Tauler, but contain the summary of his doctrine."
Einleitung |
3 |
1. Accipe puerum et matrem eius et vade in terram Israhel |
5 |
2. Van deme hilgen sacrament |
11 |
3. Van deme hilgen sacramente |
19 |
4. Repleti sunt omnes spiritu saneto |
26 |
5. Ascendit Ihesus in naviculam que erat Symonis |
33 |
6. Ain predig von drye mirren |
41 |
7. In illo tempore erat homo ex phariseis |
46 |
8. Si quis sitit, veniat et bibat |
53 |
Verzeichnis der Handschriften |
62 |
Inhaltsverzeichnis |
62 |
Backmatter |
63 |
Tauler, a Dominican, was, according to Fr. Crisógono, "the greatest mystic of all who existed before the sublime Reformers of the Carmel" («el mayor místico de cuantos existieron antes de los sublimes Reformadores del Carmelo», quoted in: Theology of Christian Perfection, p. 348 // PDF p. 657 of the Spanish; cf. also Los grandes maestros de la vida espiritual pp. 229-33 // PDF pp. 239-43). Read his excellent Sermon I for the Nativity (In Nativitate Domini).
contains his: Meditations on the Life and Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ and The Inner Way
Tauler, a Dominican, was, according to Fr. Crisógono, "the greatest mystic of all who existed before the sublime Reformers of the Carmel" («el mayor místico de cuantos existieron antes de los sublimes Reformadores del Carmelo», quoted in: Theology of Christian Perfection, p. 348 // PDF p. 657 of the Spanish; cf. also Los grandes maestros de la vida espiritual pp. 229-33 // PDF pp. 239-43). Read his excellent Sermon I for the Nativity (In Nativitate Domini).
Tauler, a Dominican, was, according to Fr. Crisógono, "the greatest mystic of all who existed before the sublime Reformers of the Carmel" («el mayor místico de cuantos existieron antes de los sublimes Reformadores del Carmelo», quoted in: Theology of Christian Perfection, p. 348 // PDF p. 657 of the Spanish; cf. also Los grandes maestros de la vida espiritual pp. 229-33 // PDF pp. 239-43). Read his excellent Sermon I for the Nativity (In Nativitate Domini) (Shrady ed. pp. 35-40 // PDF pp. 53-8).
cited in Parish Book of Chant p. 310n4 (PDF p. 331) on Plainsong Rhythm
pp. 499-502 (PDF pp. 510-13): Inter Multiplices (Dec. 21, 1566), Pope St. Pius V's bull that reaffirmed Cum ex apostolatus
heard about here in the context of what a "lonely note" is; cf. p. 72 (PDF p. 74)
""An Applied Course in Gregorian Chant"" by Joseph Robert Carroll is a comprehensive guide to learning and applying the principles of Gregorian chant. The book is designed for beginners and intermediate learners who want to understand the basics of Gregorian chant and develop their skills in singing and reading it. The book covers the history and development of Gregorian chant, its notation system, and its performance practices. It also includes a detailed analysis of the different types of chants, such as antiphons, responsories, hymns, and psalmody. To help readers learn and practice the chants, the book includes numerous exercises, examples, and musical scores. It also provides tips and techniques for improving vocal technique, intonation, and interpretation. Overall, ""An Applied Course in Gregorian Chant"" is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning and mastering the art of Gregorian chant. It provides a solid foundation for developing the skills and knowledge necessary to perform this ancient and beautiful music.
The Church Musicians Bookshelf Series 2, No. 2.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.
Wilko Brouwers, a chant master in the Netherlands, has successful dealt with need for modern materials to raise children's choirs, and put together this program based on a lifetime of learning and reflection on a century of experience. The result is nothing short of brilliant. It includes a workbook and a teachers manual. The program is simple, short, and focused mainly on having the kids sing chant, one step at a time. Maestro Brouwers worked with Arlene Oost-Zinner to produce a translation from Dutch to English. This is a harder task than it would first appear because music and text are inseparable. But after much back and forth, a stable English version emerged. The title is Words with Wings. This a gigantic breakthrough for the future of Catholic children’s choirs. At last now, parish will have a place to begin, a method for getting started, a goal in mind, and materials that pull all of this together. This is more than a work of cultural reconstruction, though it is that. This is about the future of art in the liturgy, which is to say, the future of art and faith. It has to begin with the young if it is going to really take root in Catholic life. But the usefulness goes beyond the Catholic parish. Since the ancient world, people have understood that music is an essential part of education. This simple and clear program of 20 lessons allows this wisdom to enjoy a new life within any educational context. Instructor Book, 69 pages, Perfect paperback
© Copyright 2012 Church Music Association of America
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
heard about here on MusicaSacra Forum, in the context of chant rhythm
heard about here on MusicaSacra Forum, in the context of chant rhythm
Haïk-Vantoura tried to decode/interpret Hebrew cantillation marks as musical notes. See: "Gregorian chant originates from ancient Jewish psalmody?"
[Haïk-Vantoura] was a Jewish musicologist […], but did also play the organ in Catholic churches while living in Paris. Her work is a reconstruction (one can also reconstruct something of the manner in which pre-Syriac, NT Western Aramaic was sung using ancient Palestinian cantillations), but likely a pretty fair one. The link between the original Davidic chant of the Psalms and Gregorian chant is not a stretch, and it seems to have occurred to her through both intuitive hearing and speculative application to deciphering diacritical signs as intonation marks.
Ancient Hebraic cantillation is based on the original orality of the Hebrew Bible. Orality here always implies musicality, the first relying on mnemonic laws and devices, especially formulism and rhythmism, whose influence is found through Scripture; the second on the codification of intonation marks (musical pitches).
The rhythmic format of Hebraic recitations, the Psalms of David but also of many other oral texts comprising the scriptural corpus, is designed as a mnemonic and arithmetic means of both memorization and sacred (ritual) cantillation.
שִׁירוּ-לוֹ שִׁיר חָדָשׁ הֵיטִיבוּ נַגֵּן בִּתְרוּעָה
“Cantate ei canticum novum; bene psallite ei in vociferatione.”
This is a translation by Dennis Weber, edited by John Wheeler and jointly published with King David's Harp, in which a noted French musicologist argues that the accentual system preserved in the Masoretic Text was originally a method of recording hand signals (chironomy) by which temple musicians were directed in the performance of music. She explains her reconstruction of these notations which has allowed her to perform haunting and beautiful music around the worlds using only the Hebrew text as a score.
La doctrina del Concilio Vaticano II sobre los obispos tienen en esta obra un comentarista excepcional. El P. Santiago Ramírez, conocedor de toda la tradición teológica acerca del obispado, desentraña cada una de las enseñanzas conciliares y las enmarca en una tradición viva, de los grandes teólogos y tratadistas que el autor conoce de modo sorprendente. Cita y expone con una precisión inigualable, muy por encima de otros expositores de la letra del Concilio. Las dos grandes enseñanzas del Concilio acerca de los obispos, que son su sacramentalidad y su colegialidad, están aquí estudiadas con tal precisión y competencia que todos los teólogos han reconocido a partir de la publicación de esta obra en los años de la celebración conciliar. La aportación singular de Sto. Tomás a esta doctrina es aquí invocada y demostrada con rigor. Es una obra que se inscribe en una tradición de la teología entendida como una clarificación racional de los datos de la fe. Pertenece, por consiguiente, a la mejor tradición de la teología universitaria, incluso en el uso de la lengua latina clásica, de la ciencia occidental de muchos siglos.
Gregory the Great (+604) was a master of the art of exegesis. His interpretations are theologically profound, methodologically fascinating, and historically influential. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in his exegesis of the Song of Songs. Gregory's interpretation of this popular Old Testament book not only owes much to Christian exegetes who preceded him, such as Origen, but also profoundly influenced later Western Latin exegetes, such as Bernard of Clairvaux.
This volume includes all that Gregory had to say on the Song of Songs: his Exposition on the Song of Songs, the florilegia compiled by Paterius (Gregory's secretary) and the Venerable Bede, and, finally, William of Saint Thierry's Excerpts from the Books of Blessed Gregory on the Song of Songs. It is now the key resource for reading and studying Gregory's interpretation of the Song of Songs.
Learn to view, edit and analyse geospatial data using QGIS and Python 3
QGIS 3.4 is the first LTR (long term release) of QGIS version 3. This is a giant leap forward for the project with tons of new features and impactful changes. Learn QGIS is fully updated for QGIS 3.4, covering its processing engine update, Python 3 de-facto coding environment, and the GeoPackage format.
This book will help you get started on your QGIS journey, guiding you to develop your own processing pathway. You will explore the user interface, loading your data, editing, and then creating data. QGIS often surprises new users with its mapping capabilities; you will discover how easily you can style and create your first map. But that's not all! In the final part of the book, you'll learn about spatial analysis and the powerful tools in QGIS, and conclude by looking at Python processing options.
By the end of the book, you will have become proficient in geospatial analysis using QGIS and Python.
If you are a developer or consultant familiar with the basic functions and processes of GIS and want to learn how to use QGIS to analyze geospatial data and create rich mapping applications, this book is for you. You'll also find this book useful if you're new to QGIS and wish to grasp its fundamentals
Downloading the example code for this book You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from your account at http://www.PacktPub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.PacktPub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
Step through loading GIS data, creating GIS data, styling GIS and making maps with QGIS following a simple narrative that will allow you to build confidence as you progress.
Key FeaturesQGIS is a user friendly, open source geographic information system (GIS). The popularity of open source GIS and QGIS, in particular, has been growing rapidly over the last few years. This book is designed to help beginners learn about all the tools required to use QGIS 3.4.
This book will provide you with clear, step-by-step instructions to help you apply your GIS knowledge to QGIS. You begin with an overview of QGIS 3.4 and its installation. You will learn how to load existing spatial data and create...
Mangiaracina, Emily. “‘Controligarchs’ Lays Bare a Nightmare Society the Globalist Elites Have in Store for Humanity.” LifeSiteNews, November 16, 2023, sec. Freedom.
This book seems along the lines of Patrick Wood's technocracy, an anti-Klaus Schwab. Bruner coins the term "controligarch".
ch. 1 is a good overview history of the Rockefellers' takeover of the educational medical field (cf. Drug Story), their funding of eugenics, Planned Parenthood founder Margaret Sanger, etc.
ch. 5 is titled "The War on Farmers"; cf. Catholic Land Movement and "fiat foods" of The Fiat Standard.
Bruner seems pro-life, given his terminology "unborn babies" and ref:6.144:
“Stem cell” and “fetal tissue” research programs can more vividly be described as the exploitation of human embryos and the trafficking of unborn baby body parts, while “euthanasia” is the extermination of the elderly and the genocide of disabled individuals, such as those with Down syndrome.
ch. 7 "Follow the Money", §"Central Bank Digital Currency [CBDC] vs. Decentralized Cryptocurrency [e.g., ₿]" (ref:12.31-12.54) is accurately titled. He doesn't mention "In 1970, Richard Nixon signed the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and turned money into a system of control [for controligarchs]." (Internet of Money vol. 3).
" Controligarchs peers into the future and provides a haunting and revelatory exposé of the globalist elite’s playbook for the next five years.”
- Peter Schweizer, author of Red-Handed , Clinton Cash , and Profiles in Corruption
Imagine a world in which you own nothing and rent everything. Most of the protein in your diet comes from bugs. You are not allowed to have more than one child, and your financial and medical data are instantly transferred to a centralized government database via a subdermal microchip.
Controligarchs warns that this will be our existence if the supranational elites of the World Economic Forum get their way.
In this book, investigative journalist Seamus Bruner—who led the teams whose findings sparked multiple FBI investigations and congressional probes into the Clintons and the Bidens—exposes the billionaires who control the levers of power that dominate every aspect of your life.
Inside this pathbreaking new book, you will discover:
Based on a mountain of financial filings, insider documents, and corporate records, Controligarchs rips back the curtain on never-before-published revelations about the life-altering schemes that globalist elites have in store for you. This book is a must-read for anyone who values American independence and personal freedom.
Seamus Bruner is Director of Research at the Government Accountability Institute (GAI). He’s the author of Compromised and Fallout , and provided research & support for Peter Schweizer’s numerous New York Times bestsellers. --This text refers to the hardcover edition.
Was Pope Pius XII a Nazi Sympathizer?
For almost 50 years, a controversy has raged about Pope Pius XII. Was the Pope who had shepherded the Church through World War II a Nazi sympathizer? Was he, as some have dared call him, Hitler's pope? Did he do nothing to help the Jewish people in the grips of the Holocaust?
In a thoroughly researched and meticulously documented analysis of the historical record, Ronald Rychlak has gotten past the anger and emotion and uncovered the truth about Pius XII. Not only does he refute the accusations against the Pope, but for the first time documents how the slanders against him had their roots in a Soviet Communist campaign to discredit him and by extension, the Church.
Let those who doubt but read Rychlak, follow his exquisitely organized courtroom-like arguments. What Professor Rychlak brings to the forum are facts, not rhetoric, dates, not conjecture, evidence, not slander.... The world owes Ronald Rychlak a debt for bringing the truth to light. ---Rabbi Eric A. Silver
"In his well-crafted pages ... the portrait that emerges is one of an extraordinary pastor facing extremely vexing circumstances, of a holy man vying against an evil man, of a human being trying to save the lives of other human beings, of a light shining in the darkness."
--John Cardinal O Connor (1920-2000) Archbishop of New York (from the Foreword to the first edition)
"I have read many books on Pius XII, and this is by far the most dispassionate in laying out the context, relevant facts, accusations, and evidence pro and con. The book is highly engaging because it is filled with so many little-known facts. The research has been prodigious. Yet the presentation is as down-to-earth as it would have to be in a courtroom.... This is a wonderfully realistic book." ---Michael Novak
George Frederick Jewett Scholar in Religion, Philosophy, and Public Policy,
American Enterprise Institute
"Despite his many brilliant accomplishments, perhaps no modern-day leader of the Catholic Church has triggered more controversies than Pope Pius XII. Some historians have argued that, in light of the Church s concerns about Communism, he was pro-Nazi during the 1930s. He has been accused of signing the Reichskonkordat as a signal to Adolf Hitler of Rome's favor; of dissuading Pope Pius XI from condemning Kristallnacht; and of remaining silent in face of proof that the Holocaust was taking place.
In this valuable book, Professor Ronald Rychlak sets the record straight. He paints a vivid picture of the social, political, and religious background against which the papacy of Pius XII took place. In so doing, Rychlak shows him to have been a man of singular wisdom and courage.
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was a brilliant student as a young man, fluent in several languages, with doctorates in theology and canon and civil law. He was elected to the papacy just six months before Germany's invasion of Poland sparked the Second World War in Europe.
"Rychlak has buried the myth under an avalanche of facts and demonstrated that Pacelli's reputation deserves to be what it was during the war when the New York Times more than once praised him as a lonely voice crying out of the silence of a continent. Rychlak has done more than anyone else to set the record straight." --Professor Robert George McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence Princeton University
In this extensive revision, Ronald J. Rychlak plumbs the depths of the Vatican s internal report on Pius XII as well as investigates recent charges that Soviet counter intelligence was involved in a plan to discredit Pius XII.
He also takes on all the various charges against Pius XII from John Cornwell, James Carroll, Susan Zuccotti, and others. No serious charge is left unrebutted.
Mr. Rychlak is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and the Mississippi Defense Lawyers Association Professor of Law at the University of Mississippi School of Law. Mr. Rychlak has received three medals from the Holy See for his diplomatic service, and he advises the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. His most recent book is Righteous Gentiles: How Pius XII and the Catholic Church Saved Half a Million Jews from the Nazis.
“His look, his word, his whole being express three things: goodness, firmness, faith. Goodness was the man himself; firmness was the leader; faith was the Christian, the priest, the pontiff, the man of God.” —Chapter VII, “Characteristics of Pius X”
Memories of St. Pius X is a charming eye-witness account of a great Pope in action. It provides a fascinating behind-thescenes look at the Vatican and a portrait of papal authority when exercised by a saint.
St. Pius X was a paragon of principle in an age of compromise. He championed sacred tradition against modernist encroachment and vigorously confronted emerging threats to the Faith. However, he did so with humility, gentleness, and care for souls. His legacy is one of supernatural courage blended with charity—firmness anchored in goodness. This remarkable Pope truly lived the words of his motto, “To restore all things in Christ.” His heroic example still inspires today.
“Give me souls and take everything else.” —Cardinal Merry del Val
The definitive guide to gardening in Arizona.
The essential reference for gardening in the desert southwest. Topics from Arizona's Master Gardener experts include soil and fertilizer, cactus and succulents, vegetables, lawns, weeds and pests, pruning, and home gardening. Learn how to grow citrus trees and nut trees, and take care of your indoor plants. Use this manual as a guide for selecting varieties of seeds, plants, and flowers. Find what you need to know in designing and installing an irrigation system or a complete landscape for you home or business. --page 4 of cover.
The 1998 ed. seems more thorough.
cites the following, which has a vegetable planting dates time-table:
Back in print after 68 years, this anthology of essays is a classic survey of the Catholic reaction to problems created by the industrial revolution and socialism and is a unique milestone in the history of social thought. Reacting to the Depression and the seeming inadequacies of capitalism and socialism, these thinkers contributed landmark essays on the topics of property, craftsmanship, industrialism, and more. With an introduction by Hilaire Belloc, this volume contains a coherent representation of one of the principal schools of thought applying Christian theory to the socioeconomic problems of early- to mid-20th-century Europe. This work will be of interest to anyone concerned with the history of social thought.
"For a book originally published in 1934, it is remarkably on target." -- The Wanderer , February 19, 2004
This volume is an anthology of essays by various scholars including Hilaire Belloc, Fr. Vincent McNabb, Herbert Shove, George Maxwell, Reginald Jebb, and others.
This is one of "The three foundational writings [3rd = Rerum Novarum] for the contemporary CLM [Catholic Land Movement] restoration".
What pp. 25-6 (PDF pp. 27-8) quotes of St. Thomas is Summa Theologica II-II q. 77 a. 4 "Whether, in trading, it is lawful to sell a thing at a higher price than what was paid for it?" co., which is remniscent of Sententia Politic. lib. 1 l. 8 n. 13. He translates "negotiatores" as "middlemen", but the Fathers of the English O.P. Province translates it as "tradesmen".
p. 54 (PDF p. 56): "the watchword of the [Catholic Land] Movement is, and must remain, Decentralization." Amen!
Ed Feser, Locke pp. 103-4 (cf. this):
To be sure, Jefferson’s formulation [in the Declaration of Independence] is by no means entirely Lockean in content. Locke would, for reasons we will examine presently, be more inclined to speak of rights to one’s “life, health, liberty [and] possessions” (T II.6 ["Of Paternal Power"]), though the pursuit of happiness is not entirely outside the range of his concern.
Locke was writing against the Protestant absolutist Filmer, who thought kings had authority by divine right and thus couldn't be deposed
Locke advocated an equality in the political sphere, that naturally no man has political authority over another. Adam had no political authority over his descendants, though he had a paternal authority (seems to be related to the Augustinian view that the State is a consequence of original sin?).
Ch. 6 argues for parental (mother & father) rights (not mere paternal authority) over children.
As Fr. Fahey shows in his work that cites Locke the most, Church & Farming, Locke was a nominalist.
Discusses the Rockefellers' coup of the U.S. medical schools' curriculum, trying to convert them to using oil-synthesized medicines instead of techniques that work with nature. (Rockefellers also changed education into a form that discourages entrepreneurs and make ciphers.)
cited in Jan Rak's NAMI-tech SEM 2023 lecture (@2:12)
In Secrets of Cold War Technology , Gerry Vassilatos reveals that "Death Ray" technology has been secretly researched and developed since the turn of the century. Included are chapters on H. C. Vion, the developer of auroral energy receivers; Dr. Selim Lemstrom's pre-Tesla experiments; the early beam weapons of Grindell-Mathews; John Hettenger and his early beam power systems; Ulivi Turpain and others.
Learn about Project Argus, Project Teak and Project Orange; EMP experiments back in the '60s; why the Air Force directed the construction of a huge ionospheric "backscatter" telemetry system across the Pacific just after World War II; why Raytheon has collected every patent relevant to HAARP over the past few years; and much more pertinent information on hidden Cold War technology.
Gerry Vassilatos is a high school science teacher who lives in New York City. He is the author of The Lost Science , another forthcoming book from Adventures Unlimited.
When the medieval theologian Thomas Aquinas addressed the best arguments against God in his masterwork, the Summa Theologica, he listed only two. The first was the problem of evil: How can God ― who is perfectly good ― exist alongside that which is against Him? His second: Is God really needed to explain the world?
In this landmark work, Patrick Flynn presents the best arguments for God while also addressing the strongest objections. This book is destined to become the apologetic gold standard for defending classical theism against atheistic naturalism. Flynn clearly identifies what is at stake and then provides you with cogent, accessible, yet potent defenses to counter those arguments that atheists routinely make to justify their claim that there is no God.
Flynn masterfully defines commonly misconstrued terms ― from worldview and intelligibility to scientism, ontology, and metaphysical intuition ― and illustrates them with real-world examples. He explains the Principle of Sufficient Reason and how it is used to support the reality of God. You also will acquire the foundation you need to understand the best philosophical arguments God’s existence.
Drawing from insights from philosophers Aristotle and Aquinas to Leibniz and Lonergan, you will find extensive philosophical reasons to accept and explain:
With sidebar definitions and detailed explanations, Flynn guides you in learning authentic reasons for your belief in God. He evaluates whether it’s simpler to believe in God or not, and he provides numerous arguments from philosophy, science, and plain common sense. Additionally, you will discover how even the traditionally held attributes of God point to His existence.
This seminal book turns the tables on and pokes holes in the theory of naturalism. Flynn’s in-depth analysis will give you the tools you need to share your belief in such a way that those who deny God’s existence will have to defend their view. Also featured is an appendix with a dozen additional objections and bulletproof replies for the existence of God.
"Flynn goes to great lengths to be charitable and to take on the very best argumentation to the contrary. Anyone looking for a primer on the best contemporary thought in the analytic Thomist vein should see Flynn's work as a reliable access point to this field."
James D. Madden, Ph.D.,
Professor of Philosophy, Benedictine College
"Pat Flynn presents a powerful and innovative case for the existence of God. He skillfully breaks new ground on classical Thomistic lines of inquiry. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the latest and best work on the question of God's existence in an accessible style."
Joshua Rasmussen, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of Philosophy, Azusa Pacific University
Pat Flynn is a writer, philosopher, podcaster, and speaker living in Wisconsin with his wife, five children, and St. Bernard. He hosts Philosophy for the People and The Pat Flynn Show. His website is ChroniclesOfStrength.com
the most satisfactory treatment of the points of interest in the history of St Isidore
—Butler's Lives of the Saints PDF p. 1097, "St. Isidore the Husbandman"
Big Pharma and health agencies cry, "Don't take ivermectin!" A media storm follows. Why then, does the science say the opposite?"
Ivermectin is a dirty word in the media. It doesn't work. It's a deadly horse dewormer. Prescribe or promote it and you'll be called a right-wing quack, be banned from social media, or lose your license to practice medicine. And yet, entire countries wiped out the virus with it, and more than ninety-five studies now show it to be unequivocally effective in preventing and treating Covid-19. If it didn't work, why was there a coordinated global campaign to cancel it? What's the truth about this decades-old, Nobel Prize-winning medication?
The War on Ivermectin is the personal and professional narrative of Dr. Pierre Kory and his crusade to recommend a safe, inexpensive, generic medicine as the key to ending the pandemic.
Written with Jenna McCarthy, Dr. Kory's story chronicles the personal attacks, professional setbacks, and nefarious efforts of the world’s major health agencies and medical journals to dismiss and deny ivermectin’s efficacy. Part personal narrative, part scathing expose, The War on Ivermectin highlights the catastrophic impacts of the mass media censorship and relentless propaganda that led to the greatest humanitarian crisis in history. Although numerous studies and epidemiologic data have shown that millions of lives were saved globally with the systematic use of ivermectin, many more millions perished. This carnage was the direct result of what Dr. Kory eventually discovered to be the pharmaceutical industry’s silent but deadly war on generic medicines and the corrupt, captured medical and media systems that allow it to continue. For anyone who thought Covid-19 was the enemy, Dr. Kory’s book will leave no doubt that the true adversary in this war is a collective cabal of power-hungry elites who put profits over people and will stop at nothing in their quest for control.
The War on Ivermectin is published through ICAN PRESS, an imprint of Skyhorse Publishing. ICAN (Informed Consent Action Network) is a nonprofit organization investigating the safety of medical procedures, pharmaceutical drugs, and vaccines while advocating for people’s right to informed consent.
by Electric Universe / Thunderbolts Project's Dr. Tennant
x, iii, 249, ix pages : 23 cm
In this book, Dr. Tennant explains how to reverse macular degeneration, glaucoma, and uveitis without the use of drugs and surgery. His discovery of how to reverse many of the blinding eye diseases will restore vision to many of those that would otherwise suffer with years of blindness
Includes index
The most up-to-date "catechism" in print! For the first time in over fifty years, a Catholic bishop has published his own comprehensive presentation of the Faith--what to believe, how to live, and how to pray as Christ taught.
Sure to be a classic for generations to come, Credo: Compendium of the Catholic Faith offers a clear and readable summary of Catholicism as a whole, given in the pastoral style of the apostles. Using the simple and direct "Question-Answer" format so popular among instructors (and internet search engines), Bishop Athanasius Schneider shares a bold new articulation of timeless truths, while also engaging current issues with courage and kindness.
After an Introduction outlining Christian identity and doctrine, Part I unpacks what Catholics believe, following the articles of the Apostle's Creed. Part II explains the principles of right moral action, following the Commandments. Part III teaches on grace, the sacraments, prayer, and worship. Appendices include the five major Christian Creeds, and a stellar Index (plus unique headers and bleed tabs) makes navigating the book delightfully easy.
Including treatments of several contemporary issues:
"Bishop Athanasius Schneider proves not only to be a true successor to the apostles, who unswervingly defends and proclaims the depositum fidei entrusted to him, but also like the master of a house, 'who brings out of his treasury what is new and what is old.' (Mt 13:52) The combination of tradition - presentation of the faith handed down to the saints once and for all (cf. Jude 3) - and innovation - dealing with today's questions of this faith - justify the special value of the Compendium."
Prof. Dr. Michael Fiedrowicz (priest),
Chair of Ancient Church History and Patrology, Theological Faculty of Trier, Germany
"Bishop Athanasius Schneider says, 'a Catholic mother should transmit the Catholic Faith to her children, as it were, with the 'mother's milk.'' I gave my children milk and love but I did not always transmit what a Catholic mother should. I now have a better chance with my youngest, having discovered tradition, more so now with this compendium. The way the book is organized (believing, living, and praying) is a service to us, the 'little ones', whom he declares, his primary audience. One is left with a sense of calm (in spite the crisis) and a great desire to be better."
Caterina Lorenzo-Molo
Assistant Professor, University of Asia and the Pacific, Manila, Philippines
"So much is said by so many about the Catholic faith today--some of it is confusing, some is downright erroneous--that we must be profoundly grateful to Bishop Schneider for this faithful, succinct, profound, and truly up-to-date exposition of the teaching of the Catholic Church. Utterly conscious of the duty received at his episcopal consecration faithfully to hand on intact that which he himself has received in the living tradition of the Church, in this Compendium Bishop Schneider invites all men and women of good will to deepen (and even, where necessary, to correct) their knowledge of Catholic doctrine. His clear and concise questions and responses facilitate this, whilst his assiduous notation of sources encourages a deeper exploration of the riches of the Faith. Whilst I am sure that this book will serve Bishop Schneider's aim of coming to the aid of those little ones who are "who are hungry for the bread of right doctrine," it will also prove to be an important tool in the essential missionary work of evangelisation and apologetics in announcing the Saving Truth of Jesus Christ in our world that so desperately needs it."
Robert Cardinal Sarah, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments
"When asked about "the sign of his coming and the end of the age" (see Mt 24:3), Jesus answered: "And many false prophets will arise and lead many astray" (see Mt 24:11). It is highly necessary to remind these words of the Lord in view of the current wide diffusion of "profane novelties of words and a false knowledge" (see 1 Tim. 6:20) in the life of the Church and of society. With the Compendium of the Catholic Faith Bishop Athanasius Schneider gives us a sure guidance, since he bases it on the constant and perennial Magisterium of the Church, which has precedence over doctrinal ambiguity, so much spread within the Church of our day. The unambiguous language of this Compendium offers to the faithful and the clergy an opportune help to give an explanation to anyone who asks for the reason of the Catholic faith (see 1 Pt. 3:15). "
Bishop Elias Nassar
Bishop Emeritus of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Sidon, Lebanon
Bishop Athanasius Schneider is one of the foremost defenders of Catholic orthodoxy today. He is a prolific author and serves as auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of St. Mary in Astana, Kazakhstan, Chairman of the Liturgical Commission, and Secretary General of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of Kazakhstan.
Many Catholics have either left the Church or been scandalized by the errors or immorality rampant in her clergy. We’ve watched aghast as faithful Catholics have been restricted or punished without just cause, while those who confuse, contradict, or undermine the Faith are elevated. In this bold and urgent book, the authors notice an apparent absurdity: those most disciplined by the Church at this time are often least deserving of correction. This protracted state of confusion and injustice, plain for all to see, has shaken the faith of millions.
Far from being just another diatribe, these absorbing pages provide a deeply illuminating historical perspective, revealing how this chaotic period in the Church is hardly unprecedented — or unpredicted. Instead, it represents a recurring feature of life in the Church throughout her history and is even a part of the divine plan. With this context, you will be able to make sense of and discover solutions to our present suffering.
You will learn:
You will see how eleven of the greatest Catholics in history — canonized saints all — suffered from undeserved persecution by their superiors and even betrayal by clergy and how this suffering was part of their sanctification, serving as a heroic model for us today. You will contemplate the valor and wisdom of priests from the earliest days of the Church; of laypeople from St. Joan of Arc to St. Thomas More; of religious, such as Sts. Teresa of Ávila, John of the Cross, and Alphonsus Liguori; and of modern-day giants, including St. Padre Pio and Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen. As you travel with these remarkable characters across twenty centuries and four continents, you will see the wisdom of the divine plan and be encouraged to defend the Church through this present hour of darkness.
Additionally, you will find thorough and orthodox explanations of doctrine concerning Church authority, fraternal correction, and the virtue of obedience, as well as a practical plan to redeem our current shameful chapter in Church history. This book stands as a valuable and heartening resource for pastors, catechists, and those who seek to “counsel the doubtful” and “comfort the afflicted.”
Alec Torres is a former speechwriter for President Donald Trump and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy and has ghostwritten for cabinet secretaries, ambassadors, national media personalities, and business leaders. He is the co-founder of Allograph, a strategic writing, communications, and design firm. Today, Alec lives with his wife, children, and dogs in Texas.
Joshua Charles is a former White House speechwriter for Vice President Mike Pence, a number-one New York Times best-selling author, a historian, a columnist, a writer, a public speaker, and a ghostwriter for Fortune 500 CEOs, political leaders, and more. He is a scholar at the Faith and Liberty Discovery Center in Philadelphia, a PragerU lecturer, and the Pope Leo XIII Fellow of Catholic Teaching on Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism at St. Thomas University in Miami, Florida. He lives in California.
Discusses the history of Galvani, Volta, et al.'s "vital electricity" (ref:1.129 ff.).
cf. Electric Universe / Thunderbolts Project's Dr. Tennant (e.g., his Healing is Voltage).
ref:10.145:
Cancer is hardly a novel illness, but its prevalence is new. In the mid-1960s roughly a quarter of the U.S. population could expect to develop it. By the mid-1970s, that figure had risen to one third, and it’s now even higher. The incidence of birth defects has doubled in the past quarter century [1965-1985]. There has been a similarly rapid rise in infertility and other reproductive problems.
Infant mortality rate and preterm birth rates have also increased dramatically over the same period.
The Body Electric tells the fascinating story of our bioelectric selves. Robert O. Becker, a pioneer in the filed of regeneration and its relationship to electrical currents in living things, challenges the established mechanistic understanding of the body. He found clues to the healing process in the long-discarded theory that electricity is vital to life. But as exciting as Becker's discoveries are, pointing to the day when human limbs, spinal cords, and organs may be regenerated after they have been damaged, equally fascinating is the story of Becker's struggle to do such original work. The Body Electric explores new pathways in our understanding of evolution, acupuncture, psychic phenomena, and healing.
Spanish translation of: La femme chrétienne : sa mission, sa formation et sa sauvegarde (1882)
TXT & EPUB are MarianMT+CTranslate2 NMT machine-translated versions. Each tokenized sentence is its own individual ¶; cf. the Python script, which was modified for MarianMT Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-es-en.