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Thomism => Philosophy => Topic started by: Kephapaulos on June 19, 2016, 05:35:22 PM

Title: St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus
Post by: Kephapaulos on June 19, 2016, 05:35:22 PM
I would like to look at these sources concerning differences between St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus if I get time to do so:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBU_Zzk3wYw

http://faculty.fordham.edu/pini/pini/Blank_files/Two%20Models%20of%20Thinking.pdf

http://iteadthomam.blogspot.com/2008/12/aquinas-vs-scotus-on-motive-of.html (by Rev. Fr. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange)

http://absoluteprimacyofchrist.org/st-thomas-aquinas-unconditional-incarnation-possible-and-probable/

http://absoluteprimacyofchrist.org/scotus-doctrine-of-the-primacy-is-a-historical-counter-factual-and-hypothetical-in-nature/

http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2008/january/20.72.html

What do you think?

Title: Re: St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus
Post by: Geremia on June 20, 2016, 12:29:16 AM
When reading Fr. Garrigou-Lagrange's Reality: A Synthesis of Thomistic Thought (https://www.ewtn.com/library/THEOLOGY/REALITY.HTM#05), I made notes of where he discussed Scotus (and Suarez) vs. St. Thomas. The differences are very radical.

According to Scotus, in contrast to St. Thomas,
There are probably many more differences.
In the beginning of ch. 3 "The Thomistic Commentators" of Reality (https://www.ewtn.com/library/THEOLOGY/REALITY.HTM#03), Fr. G.-L. refuses to mention the "eclectic commentators, who indeed borrow largely from Thomas, but seek to unite him with Duns Scotus, refuting at times one by the other, at the risk of nearly always oscillating between the two, without ever taking a definite stand." Scotus and St. Thomas radically disagree on philosophical principles.
Title: Re: St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus
Post by: Geremia on August 26, 2016, 11:45:46 AM
Regarding their differences in philosophy, I found the following table by the Catholic philosopher Roger Ariew in his book:
Quote from: Ariew
ThomasScotus
1. The proper object of the human intellect is the quiddity of material being (quidditas rei materiali)11*. The proper object of the human intellect is being in general (ens in quantum est)2
2. Only analogical predication holds between God and creatures32*. The concept of being holds univocally between God and creatures4
3. Man is a unity of single form (the rational soul)53*. Man is a composite of a plurality of forms (rational, sensitive, and vegetative souls)6
4. Prime matter is pure potency 74*. Prime matter can subsist independently of form by God's omnipotence 8
5. The principle of individuation is signate matter (materia signata quantitate)95*. The principle of individuation is a haecceity, or form10
6. The immobility of the universe as a whole is the frame of reference for motion116*. Space is radically relative: there is no absolute frame of reference for motion12
7. Without motion there would be no time13 7*. Time is independent of motion 14

  • Aquinas Summa Theologica I, quaest. 84, art. 7 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP084.html#FPQ84A7THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense I, dist. 3, quaest. 3.
  • Aquinas Summa Theologica I, quaest. 13, art. 5 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP013.html#FPQ13A5THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, II, dist. 3, quaest. 2.
  • Aquinas Summa Theologica, I, quaest. 76, art. 3 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP076.html#FPQ76A3THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, IV, dist. 11, quaest. 3.
  • Aquinas Summa Theologica I, quaest. 66, art. 1 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP066.html#FPQ66A1THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, II, dist. 12, quaest. 1.
  • Aquinas De Ente et Essentia (https://isidore.co/aquinas/DeEnte%26Essentia.htm), chap. 3.
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, II, dist. 3, quaest. 6.
  • Aquinas De Physica, IV, lectio 8 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/Physics4.htm#8).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Quaestiones Quodlibetales, quaest. XII.
  • Aquinas De Physica, IV, lectio 16 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/Physics4.htm#16)-17 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/Physics4.htm#17).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Quaestiones Quodlibetales, quaest. XI.
Ariew describes the differences in more detail after this table.
There's also a section in that book on Descartes's Scotism (pp. 94ff.).
Title: St. Thomas vs. Suárez
Post by: Geremia on May 06, 2021, 05:53:26 PM
Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P., God: His Existence and His Nature vol. 2 (https://isidore.co/calibre#panel=book_details&book_id=3122) (PDF/DjVu p. 233 n.7) cites
pp. 384-88 of which (https://isidore.co/misc/Physics%20papers%20and%20books/Zotero/storage/QHQQYXVD/Luis%20Gonz%C3%A1lez%20Alonso-Getino%20-%201917%20-%20El%20Centenario%20de%20Su%C3%A1rez.pdf) are "the list of twenty-four propositions which, according to the Sacred Congregation of Studies, express the fundamental theses of the philosophy of St. Thomas (http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/scholastic/24Thomisticpart2.htm)" compared to "twenty-four propositions of Suarez on the same questions; of these latter, twenty-three are formally in opposition to the doctrine of the Angelic Doctor."
Title: Re: St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus
Post by: Kephapaulos on May 09, 2021, 09:39:31 PM
Suarez mixed a lot of Scotus into his philosophy it seems then. Does Suarez have greater importance in regard to theology then rather than philosophy?

Also, would pure potency be the form of prime matter? Or should I phrase it "is pure potency the form of prime matter"?
Title: Re: St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus
Post by: Geremia on September 30, 2021, 02:50:50 PM
QuoteDoes Suarez have greater importance in regard to theology then rather than philosophy?
He influenced (for the worse...) philosophy. He has an incorrect view on relation (https://isidore.co/calibre/#panel=book_details&book_id=7419), setting up an unbreachable divide between mind-independent and mind-dependent orders, remnicient of the mind-body "problem" of Jesuit-educated Descartes (✝1650).

Suárez's De angelis is a prolific masterpiece in angelology.

Suárez is eclectic, half-Thomist, half-Scotist.

QuoteAlso, would pure potency be the form of prime matter? Or should I phrase it "is pure potency the form of prime matter"?
Form and matter, actuality and potentiality are distinct. Prime matter has no form, no actuality.
Title: Re: St. Thomas Aquinas and Bl. John Duns Scotus
Post by: Geremia on March 23, 2022, 05:13:54 PM
QuoteRegarding their differences in philosophy, I found the following table by the Catholic philosopher Roger Ariew in his book:
  • Roger Ariew, Descartes among the Scholastics (https://isidore.co/calibre/browse/book/5626) (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011), pp. 83-84.
Quote
ThomasScotus
1. The proper object of the human intellect is the quiddity of material being (quidditas rei materiali)11*. The proper object of the human intellect is being in general (ens in quantum est)2
2. Only analogical predication holds between God and creatures32*. The concept of being holds univocally between God and creatures4
3. Man is a unity of single form (the rational soul)53*. Man is a composite of a plurality of forms (rational, sensitive, and vegetative souls)6
4. Prime matter is pure potency 74*. Prime matter can subsist independently of form by God's omnipotence 8
5. The principle of individuation is signate matter (materia signata quantitate)95*. The principle of individuation is a haecceity, or form10
6. The immobility of the universe as a whole is the frame of reference for motion116*. Space is radically relative: there is no absolute frame of reference for motion12
7. Without motion there would be no time13 7*. Time is independent of motion 14

  • Aquinas Summa Theologica I, quaest. 84, art. 7 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP084.html#FPQ84A7THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense I, dist. 3, quaest. 3.
  • Aquinas Summa Theologica I, quaest. 13, art. 5 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP013.html#FPQ13A5THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, II, dist. 3, quaest. 2.
  • Aquinas Summa Theologica, I, quaest. 76, art. 3 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP076.html#FPQ76A3THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, IV, dist. 11, quaest. 3.
  • Aquinas Summa Theologica I, quaest. 66, art. 1 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/summa/FP/FP066.html#FPQ66A1THEP1).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, II, dist. 12, quaest. 1.
  • Aquinas De Ente et Essentia (https://isidore.co/aquinas/DeEnte%26Essentia.htm), chap. 3.
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Opus Oxoniense, II, dist. 3, quaest. 6.
  • Aquinas De Physica, IV, lectio 8 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/Physics4.htm#8).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Quaestiones Quodlibetales, quaest. XII.
  • Aquinas De Physica, IV, lectio 16 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/Physics4.htm#16)-17 (https://isidore.co/aquinas/Physics4.htm#17).
  • Scotus Opera Omnia, Quaestiones Quodlibetales, quaest. XI.
Ariew describes the differences in more detail after this table.
There's also a section in that book on Descartes's Scotism (pp. 94ff.).
cf. his Scholastic Realism: A Key to Understanding Peirce's Philosophy (https://isidore.co/calibre/#panel=book_details&book_id=8946), which is on how Scotus introduced Peirce to Scholasticism.