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PARRY MOON and DOMINAE BERLES PENCER »View Author Affiliations
JOSA, Vol. 43, Issue 8, pp. 635-640 (1953)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.43.000635
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Abstract
De Sitter showed that if the velocity of light is constant with respect to the source, distant binaries will exhibit certain peculiarities that have not been observed. This is usually regarded as proof of the validity of Einstein’s second postulate of special relativity. But there are several ways of invalidating the proof. One of the most promising ways—that of employing Riemannian space for light—is considered in this paper.
Data on visual binaries, spectroscopic binaries, and cepheids are calculated for Euclidean space and for Riemannian space of constant positive curvature (R=5 light years). The acceptance of Riemannian space allows us to reject Einstein’s relativity and to keep all the ordinary ideas of time and all the ideas of Euclidean space out to a distance of a few light years. Astronomical space remains Euclidean for material bodies, but light is considered to travel in Riemannian space. In this way the time required for light to reach us from the most distant stars is only 15 years.
Citation
PARRY MOON and DOMINAE BERLES PENCER, "Binary Stars and the Velocity of Light," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 43, 635-640 (1953)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josa/abstract.cfm?URI=josa-43-8-635
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References
- A. Einstein, Ann. Physik 17, 891 (1905).
- W. Ritz, Ann. chim. et phys. 13, 145 (1908).
- W. de Sitter, Physik. Z. 14, 429, 1267 (1913).
- E. Freundlich, Physik. Z. 14, 835 (1913).
- P. Gutnick, Astron. Nachr. 195, 265 (1913).
- W. Zurhellen, Astron. Nachr. 198, 1 (1914).
- W. de Sitter, Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 2, 121 (1924); ibid., p. 163.
- M. La Rosa, Z. Physik 21, 333 (1924); Z. Physik 34, 698 (1925).
- W. E. Bernheimer, Z. Physik 36, 302 (1926).
- H. Thirring, Z. Physik 31, 133 (1925).
- Moon and Spencer, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 36, 666 (1946); Lighting Design (Addison-Wesley Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1948).
- P. G. Bergmann, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1942), p. 19.
- J. H. Moore and F. J. Neubauer, "Fifth catalog of the orbital elements of spectroscopic binary stars," Lick Observatory Bull. 20, No. 521.
- F. Schlesinger, General Catalog of Stellar Parallaxes (Yale University Observatory, 1935); H. N. Russell and C. E. Moore, The Masses of the Stars (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1940), Table 53.
- A. H. Joy, Astrophys. J. 86, 363 (1937).
- H. Shapley, Galaxies (The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, 1943), p. 62.
- M. Paládgyi, Ausgewädhlte Werke (J. A. Barth, Leipzig, 1925), Vol. III.
- P. Moon and D. E. Spencer, "Riemannian space for astronomy" (to be published).
- E. W. Hobson, The Domain of Natural Science (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1923), p. 144.
- O. Struve, Stellar Evolution (Princeton University Press,Princeton, 1950), p. 175.
Bergmann, P. G.
Bernheimer, W. E.
de Sitter, W.
Einstein, A.
Freundlich, E.
Gutnick, P.
Hobson, E. W.
Joy, A. H.
Moon, P.
Moore, J. H.
Neubauer, F. J.
Paládgyi, M.
Ritz, W.
Rosa, M. La
Schlesinger, F.
Shapley, H.
Spencer, D. E.
Struve, O.
Thirring, H.
Zurhellen, W.
- P. G. Bergmann, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1942), p. 19.
- W. E. Bernheimer, Z. Physik 36, 302 (1926).
- W. de Sitter, Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 2, 121 (1924); ibid., p. 163.
- W. de Sitter, Physik. Z. 14, 429, 1267 (1913).
- A. Einstein, Ann. Physik 17, 891 (1905).
- E. Freundlich, Physik. Z. 14, 835 (1913).
- P. Gutnick, Astron. Nachr. 195, 265 (1913).
- E. W. Hobson, The Domain of Natural Science (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1923), p. 144.
- A. H. Joy, Astrophys. J. 86, 363 (1937).
- P. Moon and D. E. Spencer, "Riemannian space for astronomy" (to be published).
- J. H. Moore and F. J. Neubauer, "Fifth catalog of the orbital elements of spectroscopic binary stars," Lick Observatory Bull. 20, No. 521.
- J. H. Moore and F. J. Neubauer, "Fifth catalog of the orbital elements of spectroscopic binary stars," Lick Observatory Bull. 20, No. 521.
- M. Paládgyi, Ausgewädhlte Werke (J. A. Barth, Leipzig, 1925), Vol. III.
- W. Ritz, Ann. chim. et phys. 13, 145 (1908).
- M. La Rosa, Z. Physik 21, 333 (1924); Z. Physik 34, 698 (1925).
- F. Schlesinger, General Catalog of Stellar Parallaxes (Yale University Observatory, 1935); H. N. Russell and C. E. Moore, The Masses of the Stars (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1940), Table 53.
- H. Shapley, Galaxies (The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, 1943), p. 62.
- P. Moon and D. E. Spencer, "Riemannian space for astronomy" (to be published).
- O. Struve, Stellar Evolution (Princeton University Press,Princeton, 1950), p. 175.
- H. Thirring, Z. Physik 31, 133 (1925).
- W. Zurhellen, Astron. Nachr. 198, 1 (1914).
Other
- A. Einstein, Ann. Physik 17, 891 (1905).
- W. Ritz, Ann. chim. et phys. 13, 145 (1908).
- W. de Sitter, Physik. Z. 14, 429, 1267 (1913).
- E. Freundlich, Physik. Z. 14, 835 (1913).
- P. Gutnick, Astron. Nachr. 195, 265 (1913).
- W. Zurhellen, Astron. Nachr. 198, 1 (1914).
- W. de Sitter, Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 2, 121 (1924); ibid., p. 163.
- M. La Rosa, Z. Physik 21, 333 (1924); Z. Physik 34, 698 (1925).
- W. E. Bernheimer, Z. Physik 36, 302 (1926).
- H. Thirring, Z. Physik 31, 133 (1925).
- Moon and Spencer, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 36, 666 (1946); Lighting Design (Addison-Wesley Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1948).
- P. G. Bergmann, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1942), p. 19.
- J. H. Moore and F. J. Neubauer, "Fifth catalog of the orbital elements of spectroscopic binary stars," Lick Observatory Bull. 20, No. 521.
- F. Schlesinger, General Catalog of Stellar Parallaxes (Yale University Observatory, 1935); H. N. Russell and C. E. Moore, The Masses of the Stars (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1940), Table 53.
- A. H. Joy, Astrophys. J. 86, 363 (1937).
- H. Shapley, Galaxies (The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, 1943), p. 62.
- M. Paládgyi, Ausgewädhlte Werke (J. A. Barth, Leipzig, 1925), Vol. III.
- P. Moon and D. E. Spencer, "Riemannian space for astronomy" (to be published).
- E. W. Hobson, The Domain of Natural Science (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1923), p. 144.
- O. Struve, Stellar Evolution (Princeton University Press,Princeton, 1950), p. 175.
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