Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
- K. S. Novoselov1,
- A. K. Geim1,*,
- S. V. Morozov2,
- D. Jiang1,
- Y. Zhang1,
- S. V. Dubonos2,
- I. V. Grigorieva1,
- A. A. Firsov2
- 1 Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- 2 Institute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.
- ↵* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geim{at}man.ac.uk
Abstract
We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 1013 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
- Received for publication 19 July 2004.
- Accepted for publication 15 September 2004.
