1 Definition 1. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Intellectus Understanding cognitio certa per causas. certain knowledge through causes.	2 Definition 2. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Sapientia Wisdom cognitio rerum omnium per altissimas causas. knowledge of all things by the highest causes.	3 Definition 3. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Scientia Science habitus primorum principiorum speculativorum. the habit of the first speculative principles.
4 Definition 4. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Ars Art scientia de Deo ex Revelatione procedens. science of God proceeding from Revelation.	5 Definition 5. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Prudentia Prudence recta ratio agibilium. the right reason of things to be done (operations).	6 Definition 6. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Theologia Theology recta ratio factibilium. the right reason of things to be made.
7 Definition 7. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Philosophia Philosophy pars metaphysicæ defensiva principiorum cognitionis humanæ. part of metaphysics which defends the principles of human knowledge.	8 Definition 8. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Metaphysica Metaphysics scientia entis inquantum entis. science of being in so far as being.	9 Definition 9. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Criteriologia Criteriology scientia rerum omnium per causas altissimas, naturali ratione comparata. science of all things through the highest causes, obtained by natural reason.
10 Definition 10. Habitus Intellectivi — Intellective Habits Synderesis Synderesis aliud fieri inquantum aliud. to become another insofar as other.	11 Definition 11. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Cognoscere To have knowledge Habere intentionaliter in se formam (sicut) alterius rei. to have intentionally in oneself a form as the form of another.	12 Definition 12. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Cognoscere To have knowledge habitus primorum principiorum practicorum. habit of the first practical principles.
13 Definition 13. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Intelligere To understand cognoscere rerum materialium qualitates patibiles. to know the passible qualities of material things.	14 Definition 14. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Scire To know cognoscere causam propter quam res est, quod huius causa est, et non potest aliter se habere. to grasp (a) the cause telling why the thing is, (b) the fact that it is the cause of it, and (c) that it cannot be otherwise (the thing cannot have another cause).	15 Definition 15. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Sentire To sense cognoscere rerum essentias. to know the essences of things.
16 Definition 16. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Veritas Truth adequatio rei ad intellectum. conformity of thing to intellect.	17 Definition 17. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Veritas logica Logical truth adequatio intellectus ad rem. conformity of intellect to thing.	18 Definition 18. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Veritas ontologica Ontological truth adequatio rei et intellectus. conformity of thing and intellect.
19 Definition 19. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Intentio prima First intention ipse actus mentis tendentis in aliquid. the act itself of the mind tending towards something.	20 Definition 20. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Intentio secunda Second intention actus quo mens in ens rationis tendit. the act by which the mind tends to a being of reason.	21 Definition 21. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Intentio formalis Formal intention actus quo mens in ens reale tendit. the act by which the mind tends to a real being.
22 Definition 22. Actus Intellectivi in Generali — Intellective Actions in General Intentio objectiva Objective intention operatio intellectus agentis qua ex pluribus in re coniunctis unum sine altero considerat. this operation of the agent intellect which considers one thing without another out of several united in reality.	23 Definition 23. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Simplex apprehensio Simple apprehension operatio qua intellectus aliquam quidditatem intelligit, quin quidquam de ea affirmet. the operation by which the intellect understands some quiddity without affirming anything about it.	24 Definition 24. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Abstractio Abstraction obiectum in quo mens tendit. the object towards which the mind tends.
25 Definition 25. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Ens rationis Being of reason simplex intellectualis repræsentatio quidditatis alicuius rei. simple intellectual representation of the quiddity of something.	26 Definition 26. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Negatio Negation ens rationis quo non ens ad modum entis concipitur. being of reason by which non‑being is conceived as a being (Gredt 110; negation = genus of the being of reason).	27 Definition 27. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Conceptus Concept ens quod habet esse obiective in intellectu tantum. being which has objective being in the intellect alone.
28 Definition 28. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Notio Notion habitudo unius vel plurium ad aliquod unum vi cuius nomen quod huic convenit in sensu proprio et stricto de illo vel illis dicitur. the relation of one or several things to some one thing by which the name applies properly and strictly to the latter is said also of the former(s).	29 Definition 29. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Analogia Analogy habitudo diversorum inter se vi cuius eodem nomine designantur. the mutual relation of diverse things by which they are designated by the same name.	30 Definition 30. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Analogia attributionis Analogy of attribution Propria ratio qua res menti innotescit. proper reason by which the thing is made known to the mind.
31 Definition 31. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Analogia proportionalitatis Analogy of proportion vox significativa ad placitum. arbitrary vocal sign.	32 Definition 32. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Notæ conceptus The notes of a concept elementa vel aspectus intelligibiles huius conceptus quos mens in eo discernit et qui ad eum pertinent necessarie. the intelligible elements or aspects of this concept which the mind discerns and which belong to it necessarily.	33 Definition 33. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Terminus (oralis) Term (oral) æqualitas duarum proportionum inter se. the mutual equality of two proportions.
34 Definition 34. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Universale Universal una natura de multis. one nature said of many.	35 Definition 35. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Universale in essendo Universal in being una natura in multis. one nature in many.	36 Definition 36. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Universale in prædicando Universal as predicable unum aptum inesse pluribus. one apt to be inherent in many.
37 Definition 37. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Prædicabile Predicable universale respiciens inferiora numero distincta, IN QUID COMPLETE. the universal in regards to its inferiors numerically distinct, with complete quiddity.	38 Definition 38. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Genus Genus universale respiciens inferiora specie distincta, IN QUID INCOMPLETE. the universal in regards to its inferiors specifically distinct with incomplete quiddity.	39 Definition 39. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Species Species modus universalitatis quo unum pluribus inesse potest et de ipsis prædicari. the mode of universality by which one thing can be in many and be predicated of them.
40 Definition 40. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Differentia specifica Specific difference universale respiciens inferiora, in quale accidentaliter et contingenter. the universal in regards to its inferiors, as qualifying accidentally and contingently.	41 Definition 41. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Proprium Proper universale respiciens inferiora, in quale accidentaliter et necessarie. the universal in regards to its inferiors, as qualifying accidentally and necessarily.	42 Definition 42. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Accidens Accident universale respiciens inferiora, IN QUALE QUID. the universal in regards to its inferiors, as qualifying the quiddity.
43 Definition 43. Prima Operatio Intellectus — First Operation of the Intellect Suppositio Supposition actus quo intellectus inhæret iudicio formato. the act by which the intellect adheres to a given judgment.	44 Definition 44. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Iudicium Judgment actus intellectus quo componit vel dividit affirmando vel negando. the act of the intellect which composes or divides by affirming or denying.	45 Definition 45. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Assensus Assent termini pro re aliqua significanda usurpatio. the use of the term to signify something.
46 Definition 46. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Oratio Oration (phrase) oratio rem vel nomen per suas partes distribuens. a sentence which separates a thing or a noun into different parts.	47 Definition 47. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Propositio Proposition oratio quæ aliquid de aliquo affirmat vel negat. a phrase which affirms or denies something about something.	48 Definition 48. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Divisio Division sequentia terminorum. sequence of terms.
49 Definition 49. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Definitio Definition iudicium rationis practicæ circa moralitatem actionum. the judgment of the practical reason concerning the morality of the acts.	50 Definition 50. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Primum principium First principle propositio per se nota omnibus. a proposition known to all necessarily (per se).	51 Definition 51. Secunda Operatio Intellectus — Second Operation of the Intellect Conscientia moralis Moral conscience oratio naturam rei aut termini significationem exponens. the sequence which exposes the nature of a thing or the signification of a term.
52 Definition 52. Tertia Operatio Intellectus — Third Operations of the Intellect Ratiocinium Reasoning ratiocinium quo, duabus propositionibus positis, alia infertur necessarie ex ipsa positione antecedentium. reasoning by which, out of two proportions, another is necessarily inferred from the affirmation of the premises.	53 Definition 53. Tertia Operatio Intellectus — Third Operations of the Intellect Argumentum Argument oratio significans sequelam unius ex alio. a phrase which signifies the passage of one thing from another.	54 Definition 54. Tertia Operatio Intellectus — Third Operations of the Intellect Syllogismus Syllogism actus mentis quo convenientia vel repuqnantia duarum idearum infertur ex proportione quam habent cum una tertia notione. the act of the mind by which the convenience or disconvenience of two ideas is inferred by the proportion (conformity / difformity) which they have to a third notion.
55 Definition 55. Tertia Operatio Intellectus — Third Operations of the Intellect Inductio Induction syllogismus constans ex veris, primis, immediatis, prioribus, notioribus causisque conclusionis. a syllogism based on the true, first, immediate, proper and more known causes of the conclusion.	56 Definition 56. Tertia Operatio Intellectus — Third Operations of the Intellect Demonstratio Demonstration syllogismus faciens scire. a syllogism which makes something known.	57 Definition 57. Tertia Operatio Intellectus — Third Operations of the Intellect Demonstratio Demonstration a singularibus sufficienter enumeratis, ad universale progressio. progression towards a universal statement from singulars sufficiently enumerated.
58 Definition 58. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Transcendentale Transcendental id quod habet esse. that which has being.	59 Definition 59. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Ens Being id cuius actus est esse. that whose act is to be.	60 Definition 60. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Ens Being universalis modus entis inquantum entis. a universal mode of being insofar as being.
61 Definition 61. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Ens Being ens indivisum. undivided being.	62 Definition 62. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Res Thing synonymum entis dicens potius eius essentiam. a synonym of being saying rather its essence.	63 Definition 63. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Unum One id quod exercet actum essendi. that which exercises the act of being.
64 Definition 64. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Aliquid Something ens relate ad appetitum. being in relation to the will.	65 Definition 65. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Verum True ens relate ad intellectum. being in relation to the intellect.	66 Definition 66. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Bonum Good ens divisum ab aliis et a non ente. being divided from others and non‑being.
67 Definition 67. Transcendentalia — Transcendentals Pulchrum Beautiful poni extra causas et extra nihil. to be placed outside of its causes and out of nothing.	68 Definition 68. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Esse To be id quo ens est, vel exsistit. that by which the being is, or exists.	69 Definition 69. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Exsistere To exist id quod apprehensum placet. what pleases when apprehended.
70 Definition 70. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Consistere To consist (late) actualitas quæcumque. (broad sense) any act/entity	71 Definition 71. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Actus Act entitas perficiens et determinans rem in suo ordine. an entity which perfects and determines a thing according to its nature.	72 Definition 72. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Perfectio Perfection ex componentibus componi. to be composed out of components.
73 Definition 73. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Perfectio Perfection carentia perfectionis in subiecto apto. lack of perfection in a disposed subject.	74 Definition 74. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Potentia Potency entitas imperfecta capax perfectionis. imperfect entity capable of perfection.	75 Definition 75. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Privatio Privation (stricte) plenitudo entis cui nullus deficit actus ad eius plenam actualitatem requisitus. (strict sense) the plenitude of a being which is lacking no act necessary to its full actuation.
76 Definition 76. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Malum Evil actus entis in potentia quatenus in potentia. the act of a being in potency insofar as it is in potency.	77 Definition 77. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Potentia obedientialis Obediential potency elevabilitas naturæ ad actum excedentem omnes naturales vires. the elevability of nature to an act exceeding all its natural powers.	78 Definition 78. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Motus Movement privatio boni debiti. privation of a due good.
79 Definition 79. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Necessarium Necessary genus supremum entis. the supreme genus of being.	80 Definition 80. Actus – Potentia — Act ‑ Potency Contingens Contingent id quod potest non esse. that which can be not.	81 Definition 81. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Prædicamentum Predicament id quod non potest non esse. that which cannot not be.
82 Definition 82. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Substantia Substance indivisum in se et divisum a quolibet alio. a thing undivided in itself and divided from everything else.	83 Definition 83. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Subsistere To subsist esse in se et non in alio sicut in subiecto. to be in itself and not in another as in a subject.	84 Definition 84. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Individuum Individual id cui competit esse in se et non in alia sicut in subiecto. that to which it belongs to be in itself and not in another as in a subject.
85 Definition 85. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Suppositum Supposit suppositum naturæ rationalis. the supposit of a rational nature.	86 Definition 86. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Subsistentia Subsistence modus naturalis positivus terminans naturam in linea essentiæ. a positive and natural mode terminating the nature in the line of essence.	87 Definition 87. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Persona Person substantia individua completa in ratione speciei. an individuated substance complete in its species.
88 Definition 88. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Personalitas Personality subiectum primum ex quo, cum insit, fit aliquid et non per accidens. the first subject out of which, something while in it, becomes but not by accident.	89 Definition 89. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Materia Matter id ex quo aliquid fit. that out of which something becomes.	90 Definition 90. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Materia prima Prime matter subsistentia personæ. the subsistence of a person.
91 Definition 91. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Forma Form principium et causa motus et quietis eius in quo est per se et non secundum accidens. the principle and cause of motion and rest of a thing in which it is necessarily and not accidentally.	92 Definition 92. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Essentia Essence id quo ens est id quod est. that by which a being is what it is.	93 Definition 93. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Natura Nature elementum determinativum cuiuscumque essentiæ. the determinative element of every essence.
94 Definition 94. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Species Species actus primus corporis in potentia viventis. the first act of a body living in potency.	95 Definition 95. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Quidditas Quiddity synonymum essentiæ, quo respondetur quæstioni super rem "quid est ?' a synonym of essences by which one answers the question about a thing, "what is it?"	96 Definition 96. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Anima Soul forma determinans complete essentiam rei. the form determining completely the essence of a thing.
97 Definition 97. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Vita Life accidens determinativum seu modificativum substantiæ in seipsa. accident determining or modifying the substance in itself.	98 Definition 98. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Accidens Accident id cui competit esse in alio et non in se sicut in subiecto inhæsionis. that to which it belongs to be in another an not in itself as in a subject.	99 Definition 99. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Qualitas Quality sui‑motio. self motion.
100 Definition 100. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Habitus Habit principium proximum agendi simpliciter et absolute. proximate principle of acting simply and absolutely.	101 Definition 101. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Dispositio Disposition qualitas facile mobilis disponens subiectum ad bene vel male esse sive operari. quality easily mobile disposing the subject to be or act well or bad.	102 Definition 102. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Potentia (operativa) Operative potency qualitas stabilis disponens subiectum ad bene vel male esse sive operari. stable quality disposing the subject to be or act well or bad.
103 Definition 103. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Patibilis qualitas Passible quality potentia cognoscitiva essentiarum rerum. the power of knowing the essences of things.	104 Definition 104. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Forma vel Figura Form/figure qualitas seu modus in corpore ex terminatione quantitatis. quality or mode in the body produced by the completion of quantity.	105 Definition 105. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Intellectus Intellect accidens diu permanens sensibilem alterationem causans vel ab alteratione sensibili causatum. a lasting accident causing a sensible alteration or caused by a sensible alteration.
106 Definition 106. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Appetitus Appetite bonum perfectum intellectualis naturæ. perfect good of the intellective nature.	107 Definition 107. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Voluntas Will appetitus intellectivus. intellective appetite.	108 Definition 108. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Beatitudo Beatitude inclinatio sequens formam. the inclination seeking/following a form.
109 Definition 109. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Quantitas Quantity motus potentiæ operativæ ut a potentia procedens. the movement of the operative power insofar as it proceeds from the power.	110 Definition 110. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Relatio Relation accidens cuius totum inesse est ad aliud se habere. the accident whose whole being is to be ordered to another.	111 Definition 111. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Actio Action accidens extensivum substantiæ in partes. the accident which extends the substance into different parts.
112 Definition 112. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Passio Passion corporis ambientis terminus primus immobilis. first immobile extremity of the surface of a body.	113 Definition 113. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Ubi Where id ratione cuius res in loco constituitur. that by which a thing is constituted in a place.	114 Definition 114. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Locus Place accidens per quod subiectum constituitur actu recipiens effectum ab agente. the accident by which the subject becomes the receiver in act of the effect of the agent.
115 Definition 115. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Situs Position numerus motus secundum prius et posterius. measure of the movement according to before and after.	116 Definition 116. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Quando When accidens in re durante, ex adiacentione temporis a quo rei illius duratio mensuratus est. accident of a thing which has some duration, which is measured by addition of time.	117 Definition 117. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Tempus Time (a) accidens disponens rem locatam in ordine ad locum, seu (b) ordo partium in loco. accident disposing the thing localized in relation to the place; the order of the parts in the place.
118 Definition 118. Prædicamenta — Predicaments Habitus Habit ordo entis absoluti per se ordinati. the order of an absolute being ordered necessarily (per se).	119 Definition 119. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Relatio Relation ordo unius ad aliud. the order of one thing to another.	120 Definition 120. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Relatio transcendentalis Transcendental relation illa affectio quæ in subiecto ex vestimento resultat. that particular addition to the subject which results from a garment.
121 Definition 121. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Signum Sign omne quod influit esse rei. whatever influences the being of a thing.	122 Definition 122. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Principium Principle id a quo aliquid procedit quocumque modo. that from which something proceeds in any way.	123 Definition 123. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Causa Cause id quod præter speciem quam ingerit sensibus facit aliquid aliud in cognitionem devenire. that which, besides the species produced in the senses, reveals the knowledge of something else.
124 Definition 124. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Causa efficiens Efficient cause ea quorum unum non est aliud. those things, one of which is not the other.	125 Definition 125. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Causa finalis Final cause id propter quod aliquid fit. that for the sake of which something becomes.	126 Definition 126. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Distincta Distinct things id quod actione sua rem producit in esse. that which by its action produces the thing in existence.
127 Definition 127. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Diversa Diverse things habitudo plurium inter se vi cuius eidem sub eodem aspectu simul convenire nequeunt. relation between several things by which they cannot agree in the same thing under the same aspect simultaneously.	128 Definition 128. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Differentia Different things ea quæ aliquam convenientiam habent et per aliquid superadditum differunt. those things which have something in common, and differ by some addition.	129 Definition 129. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Oppositio Opposition ea quæ nullam convenientiam habent, et seipsis differunt. those things which have nothing in common, and differ among themselves.
130 Definition 130. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Oppositio contradictoria Contradictory opposition oppositio inter ea quæ in eodem genere maxime distant. the opposition between those things which are most distant in the same genus.	131 Definition 131. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Oppositio privativa Privative opposition oppositio inter rem eiusque privationem. the opposition between a thing and its privation.	132 Definition 132. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Oppositio contraria Contrary opposition oppositio inter rem eiusque negationem. the opposition between a thing and its negation.
133 Definition 133. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Oppositio relativa Relative opposition productio ex nihilo et subjecti production from nothing of its own or of the subjects.	134 Definition 134. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Æternitas Eternity interminabilis vitæ tota simul et perfecta possessio. wholesome, simultaneous, and perfect possession of the interminable life.	135 Definition 135. Relationes – Comparationes — Relations ‑ Comparisons Creatio Creation oppositio inter ea quæ ordinem sive respectum ad invicem dicunt. the opposition between those thing which are ordained or have respect to each other.
136 Axiom 1.1 Logica — Logic Contra factum non fit argumentum. Against a fact you can’t argue.	137 Axiom 1.2 Logica — Logic Omnis comparatio claudicat nisi in puncto comparationis. Each comparison limps except in the point of comparison.	138 Axiom 1.3 Logica — Logic Impossibile est idem secundem idem simul esse et non esse (principle of non‑contradiction). It is impossible that the same thing be and not be at the same time and in the same respect.
139 Axiom 1.4 Logica — Logic Definitio declarat essentiam; verbum significat definitionem. The definition declares the essence, the word signifies the definition.	140 Axiom 1.5 Logica — Logic Cum negante principia nequit disputari. With someone denying the principles, don't dispute.	141 Axiom 1.6 Logica — Logic Qui nimis probat nihil probat. He who proves too much, proves nothing.
142 Axiom 1.7 Logica — Logic De singularibus non est scientia. There is no science of singulars.	143 Axiom 1.8 Logica — Logic Parvus error in principiis, magnus in conclusionibus. A small error in the principles is large in the conclusions.	144 Axiom 1.9 Logica — Logic Quad gratis affirmatur, gratis negatur. What is freely affirmed can be freely denied.
145 Axiom 1.10 Logica — Logic Accidens non migrat de subjecto in subjectum. The accidents do not migrate from subject to subject.	146 Axiom 2.1 Cosmologia — Cosmology Corruptio unius generatio alterius. Corruption of one thing is the generation of another thing.	147 Axiom 2.2 Cosmologia — Cosmology Ab esse ad posse valet illatio. The argument is valid only from being to the possibility of being
148 Axiom 2.3 Cosmologia — Cosmology Natura abhorret a vacua. Nature abhors the void.	149 Axiom 2.4 Cosmologia — Cosmology Individuum est incommunicabile (ineffabile). The individual is incommunicable (and therefore ineffable).	150 Axiom 2.5 Cosmologia — Cosmology Actiones sunt suppositorum (of the substance itself). The actions are of the supposit.
151 Axiom 2.6 Cosmologia — Cosmology Nihil violentum perpetuum. No violent state lasts forever.	152 Axiom 2.7 Cosmologia — Cosmology Actio in distans simpliciter repugnat. The action (act) at some distance is totally repugnant. (Act if far, from potency can't reduce it to act.)	153 Axiom 2.8 Cosmologia — Cosmology Natura nihil facit inane. [I:75:6], [III:9:4], [I:105:5] Nature does nothing in vain.
154 Axiom 3.1 Psychologia — Psychology Nihil appetitur nisi quod apprehenditur. Nothing is desired except what is apprehended.	155 Axiom 3.2 Psychologia — Psychology Omnem formam sequitur inclinatio (towards its perfection). An inclination follows every form.	156 Axiom 3.3 Psychologia — Psychology Nihil in intellectu quod non prius in sensu. Nothing is in the intellect which is not first in the senses.
157 Axiom 3.4 Psychologia — Psychology Quod potest cognoscere aliqua, oportet ut nihil eorum habeat in sua natura. [I:75:2] To be apt to know something, one must not have the form of it in its own nature.	158 Axiom 3.5 Psychologia — Psychology Intellectus est universalium; sensus est particularium. [I:75:6:ad3] The intellect is of universals, the senses are of particulars.	159 Axiom 3.6 Psychologia — Psychology Nihil volitum nisi præcognitum (ignoti nulla cupido). Nothing is desired unless it is pre‑known. The ignorant has no desire.
160 Axiom 3.7 Psychologia — Psychology Anima est quodammodo omnia. The soul is in a certain way all things.	161 Axiom 3.8 Psychologia — Psychology Intellectus in actu est intelligibile in actu [I:85:2:ad1] (cognitum et cognoscens sunt unum intentionalter). The intellect in act is the intelligible object in act.	162 Axiom 3.9 Psychologia — Psychology Quidquid recipitur modo recipientis recipitur. [I:75:5] Whatever is received, is received in the mode of the receiver.
163 Axiom 3.10 Psychologia — Psychology Abstrahentium non est mendacium. [I:85:1:ad1] Abstractors are not liars.	164 Axiom 3.11 Psychologia — Psychology Aliquid cognoscibile est inquantum est actu. [I:12:1] Something is knowable insofar as it is in act.	165 Axiom 3.12 Psychologia — Psychology Bonum est diffusivum sui. [I:27:5:ad2] Good is self diffusing.
166 Axiom 3.13 Psychologia — Psychology Cognitum est proprie in cognoscente, amans in amato. [I:82:3; II.II:23:6:ad1] The object known is properly in the knower, the lover in the object loved.	167 Axiom 3.14 Psychologia — Psychology Sicut principium in speculativis, ita finis in operativis. The end is to operative things what the principle is to the speculative ones.	168 Axiom 3.15 Psychologia — Psychology Voluntas se habet ad finem sicut intellectus ad prima principia. The end is to the will what the first principles are to the intellect.
169 Axiom 3.16 Psychologia — Psychology Tertium non datur (Non est medium inter esse et non esse ‑ foundation of all distinctions). There is no third way, there can be no middle between being and nonbeing.	170 Axiom 4.1 Metaphysica: Actus‑potentia — Metaphysics: Act-Potency Agere sequitur esse. [I:75:2‑5] "To act” follows "to be." Action follows (and manifests) the being of something.	171 Axiom 4.2 Metaphysica: Actus‑potentia — Metaphysics: Act-Potency Intellectus in principio est sicut tabula rasa. [I:79:2] The intellect at the beginning is like a blank slate (or a newly formatted floppy disk).
172 Axiom 4.3 Metaphysica: Actus‑potentia — Metaphysics: Act-Potency Est de natura actus communicare se inquantum potest. [I:27:1] It is of the nature of act to communicate itself insofar as it is able.	173 Axiom 4.4 Metaphysica: Actus‑potentia — Metaphysics: Act-Potency Quod est in potentia non reducitur ad actum nisi per ens actu. What is in potency, is not reduced to act except by a being already in act.	174 Axiom 4.5 Metaphysica: Actus‑potentia — Metaphysics: Act-Potency Potentia dicitur ad actum et specificatur ab objecto. The potency is ordained to its act and is specified by its object.
175 Axiom 4.6 Metaphysica: Actus‑potentia — Metaphysics: Act-Potency Omne agens agit per formam. Each agent acts through its form.	176 Axiom 5.1 Metaphysica: Essentia-existentia — Metaphysics: Essence-Existence Forma dat esse. Through the form the existence comes to a thing (Form gives being).	177 Axiom 5.2 Metaphysica: Essentia-existentia — Metaphysics: Essence-Existence Quantum distat potentia ab actu, tantum potentior debet esse agens. [I:45:5:ad2; II.II:141:7:ad1] The more distant a potency is from act, the more powerful an agent must be to actuate it.
178 Axiom 5.3 Metaphysica: Essentia-existentia — Metaphysics: Essence-Existence Quod est per accidens accidit ei quod est per se. [I:116; I:44:2] What is "per accidens" is accidental to that which is “per se." (i.e. accidental presupposes essential, see [6.19]).	179 Axiom 5.4 Metaphysica: Essentia-existentia — Metaphysics: Essence-Existence Nulla substantia creata est per se operans (substances need accidents to act). [I:79:1; I:54:1‑2; I:77:1] No created substance is operating per se (by itself).	180 Axiom 5.5 Metaphysica: Essentia-existentia — Metaphysics: Essence-Existence Omne agens agit sibi simile. Each agent produces an effect similar.
181 Axiom 6.1 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Omne agens agit propter finem. [I.II:1:6] Every agent acts on account of an end.	182 Axiom 6.2 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Ex nihilo, nihil. [I:44:1‑2] Nothing comes from nothing.	183 Axiom 6.3 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Omne quod movetur ab alia movetur. [I:2:3:ad1] Whatever is moved is moved by another.
184 Axiom 6.4 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Causæ sunt ad invicem causæ (sed aliter et aliter). Causes are the causes of one another (in different lines of causality).	185 Axiom 6.5 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Nihil est causa suiipsius (Nihil sui causa). [I:3:4:ad1] Nothing is the cause of itself.	186 Axiom 6.6 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Causa potior est effectu. [I:16:1:ad3; I:95:1; I:88:3:ad2] The cause is greater than the effect.
187 Axiom 6.7 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Posito effectus, ponitur causa. If you have an effects you have necessarily a cause.	188 Axiom 6.8 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Sublata causay tollitur effectus. [I:2:3] Take away the cause and you take away the effect.	189 Axiom 6.9 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Causa causæ est causa causati. [I:103:6] The cause of the cause is the cause of the thing caused.
190 Axiom 6.10 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Qui vult finem, vult media ad finem. Whoever desires the ends desires the means to that end.	191 Axiom 6.11 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Finis est primus in intentione, ultimus in executione. [I.II:1:3:ad2] The end is first in intention and last in execution.	192 Axiom 6.12 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Finis est causa causarum. [I.II:1:6] The end is the cause of causes.
193 Axiom 6.13 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Compositio non reddit rationem unitatis suæ. [I:3:7] What is composed does not have in itself the reason of its unity.	194 Axiom 6.14 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Multitudo non reddit rationem unitatis suæ. [De Pot. 3:5] A multitude does not have in itself the reason of its unity.	195 Axiom 6.15 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Est proprium causæ perfectissimæ dare dignitatem causæ secundariæ effectibus imperfectis. [I:103:6] It is the proper of the most perfect cause to give the dignity of secondary cause to imperfect effects.
196 Axiom 6.16 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Corruptio optimi pessima (Corruptio principis et principii.) [II.II:154:12] The corruption of the best is the worst (e.g. corruption of the prince or of the principles).	197 Axiom 6.17 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Secundum ordinem agentium est ordo finium. The order of ends corresponds to the order of agents.	198 Axiom 6.18 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Nihil agit nisi secundum quod est actu. [I:2:3:ad1] Nothing acts unless insofar as it is in act.
199 Axiom 6.19 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Nemo dat quod non habet. [I:2:3] No one can give what he does not have.	200 Axiom 6.20 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Quod est per participationem causatur ab eo quod est per essentiam. [I:2:3:ad 4] What is by participation is caused by that which is by essence.	201 Axiom 6.21 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Per se prius est eo quod est per accidens. What is essential is prior to that which is accidental.
202 Axiom 6.22 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Qualis unusquisque est, talis finis videtur ei conveniens. [I.II:9:2] apud Garrigou-Lagrange [I.II:1:7] The way someone is is the way he determines what end is convenient for him.	203 Axiom 6.23 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Optimi est optima facere. [I:103:1] It is the proper of the best to make the best.	204 Axiom 6.24 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Quanto altior est natura, tanto id quod ex ea emanat magis est intimum. [I:27:1] The higher the natures the more intimate is what flows from it.
205 Axiom 6.25 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Entia (et miracula) non sunt multiplicanda. Being (and miracles) must not be multiplied.	206 Axiom 6.26 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Quod possibile est fallere quandoque deficit. [I:48] What can be deficient sometimes is deficient.	207 Axiom 6.27 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Quod possibile est non esse quandoque non est. [I:2:3:ad3] What can not be, sometimes is not.
208 Axiom 6.28 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Idem oportet esse judicium de totius multitudinis et unius. Pars et totum sunt quodammodo idem. [II.II:61:1:ad2] [De Reg. Principis 1:14] The part and the whole are the same regarding the end.	209 Axiom 6.29 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Quod potest compleri per pauciora principia, non fit per plura. What can be done by few principles is not done by many.	210 Axiom 6.30 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Quod est supremum in genere est causa omnium in genere. [I:44:1] What is supreme in a genus is cause of everything in the genus.
211 Axiom 6.31 Metaphysica: Causalitas — Metaphysics: Causality Ens est ens. Every being is by itself constituted in its own specific nature.	212 Axiom 7.1 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Ratio sufficiens Sufficient reason omne ens habet rationem sufficientem sui essendi in se aut in alio. Everything has sufficient reason of being either in itself or in another.	213 Axiom 7.2 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Identitas Identity Qui magis potest minus potest. He who can do more can do less.
214 Axiom 7.3 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Non-contradictio Non‑contradiction Omne ens contingens est ab alio (causa efficiente). Every being which can not‑be needs an efficient cause to be.	215 Axiom 7.4 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Contraria Contraries Non potest idem secundum idem simul determinari diversis modis. One and the same being cannot be and not be at the same time and in the same sense determined in two different ways.	216 Axiom 7.5 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Causalitas Causality Ens non est non ens. One and the same being cannot be and not be what it is.
217 Axiom 7.6 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Finalitas Finality Potentia et actus ita dividunt ens, ut quidquid est, vel sit actus purus, vel ex potentia et actu tamquam primis atque intrinsecis principiis necessario coalescat. Potency and Act so divide being that whatsoever exists either is a Pure Act, or is necessarily composed of Potency and Act, as to its primordial and intrinsic principles.	218 Axiom 7.7 Metaphysica: Prima Principia rationis — Metaphysics: First Principles of Reason Eadem causæ in eadem adiunctis semper eadem effecta efficiunt. The same causes in the same circumstances produce always the same effects.	219 Thesis I. Ontologia — Ontology omne agens agit propter finem. Every agent acts for an end.
220 Thesis II. Ontologia — Ontology Ens, quod denominatur ab esse, non univoce de Deo ac de creaturis dicitur, nec tamen prorsus æquivoce, sed analogice, analogia tum attributionis tum proportionalitis. Being, which derives its name from existence, is not predicated univocally of God and creatures; nor yet merely equivocally, but analogically, by the analogy both of attribution and of proportionality.	221 Thesis III. Ontologia — Ontology Quapropter in absoluta ipsius esse ratione unus subsistit Deus, unus est simplicissimus, cetera cuncta quæ ipsum esse participant, naturam habent quæ esse coarctatur, ac tamquam distinctis realiter principiis, essentia et esse constant. Wherefore, in the exclusive domain of existence itself God alone subsists, He alone is the most simple. Everything else, which participates in existence, has a nature whereby existence is restricted, and is composed of essence and existence as of two really distinct principles.	222 Thesis IV. Ontologia — Ontology Actus, utpote perfectio, non limitatur nisi per potentiam, quæ est capacitas perfectionis. Proinde in quo ordine actus est purus, in eodem nonnisi illimitatus et unicus exsistit; ubi vero est finitus ac multiplex, in veram incidit cum potentia compositionem. Act, because it is perfection, is not limited except by Potency, which is capacity for perfection. Therefore, in the order in which the Act is pure, it is unlimited and unique; but in that in which it is finite and manifold, it comes into a true composition with Potency.
223 Thesis V. Ontologia — Ontology Creatura spiritualis est in sua essentia omnino simplex. Sed remanet in ea compositio duplex: essentiæ cum esse et substantiæ cum accidentibus. The spiritual creature is as to its essence altogether simple. Yet there remains a twofold composition in it: that, namely, of essence with existence and that of substance with accidents.	224 Thesis VI. Ontologia — Ontology Præter absoluta accidentia est etiam relativum, sive ad aliquid. Quamvis enim ad aliquid non significet secundum propriam rationem aliquid alicui inhærens, sæpe tamen causam in rebus habet, et ideo realem entitatem distinctam a subiecto. Besides the absolute accidents there is also a relative accident, or 'toward something.' For although 'toward something' does not mean, by its own nature, anything inhering in something, frequently, however, it has a cause in things, and, therefore, a real entity distinct from the subject.	225 Thesis VII. Ontologia — Ontology Est præterea in omni creatura realis compositio subiecti subsistentis cum formis secundario additis, sive acccidentibus: ea vero, nisi esse realiter in essentia distincta reciperetur, intelligi non posset. There is, moreover, in every creature a real composition of subsisting subject with forms secondarily added—that is, accidents; but such a composition could not be understood unless the existence were received into a distinct essence.
226 Thesis VIII. Cosmologia — Cosmology Etsi corpoream naturam extensio in partes integrales consequitur, non tamen idem est corpori esse substantiam et esse quantum. Substantia quippe ratione sui indivisibilis est, non quidem ad modum puncti, sed ad modum eius quod est extra ordinem dimensionis. Quantitas vero, quæ extensionem substantiæ tribuit, a substantia realiter differt, et est veri nominis accidens. Although extension into integral parts follows corporeal nature, it is not, however, the same for a body to be a substance and to be extended. For substance of itself is indivisible; not certainly after the manner of a point, but after the manner of that which is outside the order of dimension. On the other hand, quantity, which makes substance to be extended, really differs from substance, and is a veritable accident.	227 Thesis IX. Cosmologia — Cosmology Earum partium neutra per se esse habet, nec per se producitur vel corrumpitur, nec ponitur in prædicamento nisi reductive ut principium substantiale. Neither of those parts has existence, properly speaking; nor is produced or destroyed; nor is placed in a Category except by way of reduction, as a substantial principle.	228 Thesis X. Cosmologia — Cosmology Creatura vero corporalis est quoad ipsam essentiam composita potentia et actu; quæ potentia et actus ordinis essentiæ, materiæ et formæ nominibus designantur. The corporeal creature, on the contrary, is in its very essence composed of Potency and Act. Such a Potency and Act of the essential order are designated by the names of matter and form.
229 Thesis XI. Cosmologia — Cosmology Corpora dividuntur bifariam: quædam enim sunt viventia, quædam expertia vitæ. In viventibus, ut in eodem subiecto pars movens et pars mota per se habeantur, forma substantialis, animæ nomine designata, requirit organicam dispositionem, seu partes heterogeneas. Bodies are divided into two classes: some are living, others without life. In living bodies, in order to have intrinsically a moving part and a moved part in the same subject, the substantial form, called the soul, requires an organic disposition, or heterogeneous parts.	230 Thesis XII. Cosmologia — Cosmology Eadem efficitur quantitate ut corpus circumscriptive sit in loco, et in uno tantum loco de quacumque potentia per hunc modum esse possit. It is also quantity that makes a body to be circumscriptively in one place and to be incapable, by any means, of such a presence in any other place.	231 Thesis XIII. Psychologia — Psychology Quantitate signata materia principium est individuationis, id est, numericæ distinctionis, quæ in puris spiritibus esse non potest, unius individui ab alio in eadem natura specifica. Matter as subjected to quantity is the principle of individuation or numerical distinction—impossible among pure spirits—whereby individuals of the same species are distinct from each other.
232 Thesis XIV. Psychologia — Psychology Eadem anima rationalis ita unitur corpori, ut sit eiusdem forma substantialis unica, et per ipsam habet homo ut sit homo et animal et vivens et corpus et substantia et ens. Tribuit igitur anima homini omnem gradum perfectionis essentialem; insuper communicat corpori actum essendi quo ipsa est. This same rational soul is so united to the body as to be its single substantial form. By it man is man, and animal, and living, and body, and substance, and being. Soul, therefore, gives man every essential degree of perfection. It communicates to the body, furthermore, the act of existence whereby itself exists.	233 Thesis XV. Psychologia — Psychology Contra, per se subsistit anima humana, quæ, cum subiecto sufficienter disposito potest infundi, a Deo creatur, et sua natura incorruptibilis est atque immortalis. On the contrary, the human soul subsists by itself, and is created by God when it can be infused into a sufficiently disposed subject, and is incorruptible and immortal by nature.	234 Thesis XVI. Psychologia — Psychology Vegetalis et sensilis ordinis animæ nequaquam per se subsistunt, nec per se producuntur, sed sunt tantummodo ut principium quo vivens est et vivit, et cum a materia se totis dependeant, corrupto composito, eo ipso per accidens corrumpuntur. Souls of the vegetative and sensitive order, properly speaking, do not subsist and are not produced, but merely exist and are produced as a principle whereby the living thing exists and lives. Since they depend entirely on matter, at the dissolution of the compound, they are indirectly destroyed.
235 Thesis XVII. Psychologia — Psychology Cognitionem ergo accipimus a rebus sensibilibus. Cum autem sensibile non sit intelligibile in actu, præter intellectum formaliter intelligentem, admittenda est in anima virtus activa, quæ species intelligibiles a phantasmatibus abstrahat. We, therefore, receive our knowledge from sensible things. But since no sensible thing is actually intelligible, besides the intellect which is properly intelligent we must admit in the soul an active power which abstracts the intelligible forms from the phantasms.	236 Thesis XVIII. Psychologia — Psychology Immaterialitatem necessario sequitur intellectualitas, et ita quidem ut secundum gradus elongationis a materia, sint quoque gradus intellectualitatis. Adæquatum intellectionis obiectum est communiter ipsum ens; proprium vero intellectus humani in præsenti statu unionis, quidditatibus abstractis a conditionibus materialibus continetur. Intellectuality necessarily follows immateriality, and in such a manner that the degree of intellectuality is in proportion to the remoteness from matter. The adequate object of intellection is being as such; but the proper object of the human intellect, in the present state of union, is restricted to the essences abstracted from material conditions.	237 Thesis XIX. Psychologia — Psychology Duplicis ordinis facultates, organicæ et inorganicæ, ex anima humana per naturalem resultantiam emanant: priores, ad quas sensus pertinet, in composito subiectantur, posteriores in anima sola. Est igitur intellectus facultas ab organo intrinsece independens. Faculties of a twofold order, organic and inorganic, naturally spring from the human soul. The subject of the organic, to which sense belongs, is the compound. The subject of the inorganic is the soul alone. The intellect, then, is a faculty intrinsically independent of any organ.
238 Thesis XX. Psychologia — Psychology Deum esse neque immediata intuitione percipimus, neque a priori demonstramus, sed utique a posteriori, hoc est, per ea quæ facta sunt, ducto argumento ab effectibus ad causam: videlicet, a rebus quæ moventur ad sui motus principium et primum motorem immobilem; a processu rerum mundanarum e causis inter se subordinatis, ad primam causam incausatam; a corruptibilibus quæ æqualiter se habent ad esse et non esse, ad ens absolute necessarium; ab iis quæ secundum minoratas perfectiones essendi, vivendi, intelligendi, plus et minus sunt, vivunt, intelligunt, ad eum qui est maxime intelligens, maxime vivens, maxime ens; denique, ab ordine universi ad intellectum separatum qui res ordinavit, disposuit, et dirigit ad finem. That God exists we do not know by immediate intuition, nor do we demonstrate it a priori, but certainly a posteriori, that is, by things which are made, arguing from effect to cause. Namely, from things, which are in movement and cannot be the adequate principle of their motion, to the first mover immovable; from the procession of worldly things from causes, which are subordinated to each other, to the first uncaused cause; from corruptible things, which are indifferent alike to being and non-being, to the absolutely necessary being; from things, which, according to their limited perfection of existence, life, intelligence, are more or less perfect in their being, their life, their intelligence, to Him who is intelligent, living, and being in the highest degree; finally, from the order, which exists in the universe, to the existence of a separate intelligence which ordained, disposed, and directs things to their end.	239 Thesis XXI. Psychologia — Psychology Intellectum sequitur, non præcedit, voluntas, quæ necessario appetit id quod sibi præsentatur tamquam bonum ex omni parte explens appetitum, sed inter plura bona, quæ iudicio mutabili appetenda proponuntur, libere eligit. Sequitur proinde electio iudicium practicum ultimum; at quod sit ultimum, voluntas efficit. The will follows, does not precede, the intellect; it necessarily desires that which is offered to it as a good which entirely satisfies the appetite; it freely chooses among several good things that are proposed as desirable by the wavering judgment. Election, then, follows the last practical judgment; still, it is the will which determines it to be the last.	240 Thesis XXII. Theodicea — Theodicy Per has species directe universalia cognoscimus; singularia sensu attingimus, tum etiam intellectu per conversionem ad phantasmata; ad cognitionem vero spiritualium per analogiam ascendimus. Through these species we directly know the universal; the singular we know by the senses, and also by the intellect through a conversion to the phantasms; we rise by analogy to the knowledge of the spiritual.

241
Thesis XXIII.
Theodicea — Theodicy

Ipsa igitur puritate sui esse, a finitis omnibus rebus secernitur Deus. Inde infertur primo, mundum nonnisi per creationem a Deo procedere potuisse; deinde virtutem creativam, qua per se primo attingitur ens in quantum ens, nec miraculose ulli finitæ naturæ esse communicabilem; nullum denique creatum agens in esse cuiuscumque effectus influere, nisi motione accepta a prima causa.
By the very purity of His being God is, therefore, distinguished from all finite beings. Hence, in the first place, it is inferred that the world could not have proceeded from God except through creation; secondly, that the creative power, which directly 'affects being as being,' cannot be communicated, even miraculously, to any finite nature; and, finally, that no created agent exercises any influence on the being of any effect except through a motion received from the first cause.

242
Thesis XXIV.
Theodicea — Theodicy

Divina Essentia, per hoc quod exercitæ actualitati ipsius esse identificatur, seu per hoc quod est ipsum Esse subsistens, in sua veluti metaphysica ratione bene nobis constituta proponitur, et per hoc idem rationem nobis exhibet suæ infinitatis in perfectione.
The Divine Essence is well proposed to us as constituted in its metaphysical concept by its identity with the exercised actuality of its existence, or, in other terms, as the very subsisting being; and by the same token it exhibits to us the reason of its infinity in perfection.